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Parental reactions to children’s negative emotions, including supportive and unsupportive reactions, are considered to socialize children’s emotion regulation, which is critical to children’s socio-emotional competency. Limited research has investigated how the characteristics of parents, such as parental emotion dysregulation, are associated with their reactions to children’s emotions. Little is known about fathers’ and mothers’ complementary role in alleviating or buffering against the effect of spouses’ reactions on children’s emotion regulation abilities. This study examined these links with 195 Chinese school-age children ( M age = 9.15 , SD  = 1.02) and their biological parents. The findings indicated that parental emotion dysregulation was associated with their supportive reactions to children’s negative emotions and these reactions interacted with the co-caregiver’s emotion dysregulation to exert an effect on children’s emotion regulation. These findings not only highlight the pathway through which parental emotion regulation abilities are transferred to their children but also suggest that fathers and mothers both play distinct roles in socializing children’s emotion regulation. Further, their interaction, rather than paternal or maternal emotion dysregulation per se , appeared to influence children’s emotional competence.

Comorbidity between attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and depression in adults is frequently observed and is associated with more complex clinical presentations and poorer prognoses. Greater emphasis is therefore warranted on identifying the distinguishing clinical characteristics of this comorbid condition. To examine the clinical differences between adults diagnosed with depression with and without comorbid ADHD. A cross-sectional comparative analysis was conducted involving patients with MDD, with and without comorbid ADHD. Sociodemographic and clinical variables were collected. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed to identify factors independently associated with ADHD comorbidity. A total of 197 patients were included in the final analysis. Significant differences in both sociodemographic and clinical variables were observed between the two groups. Multivariate logistic regression revealed that earlier age of onset (OR = 1.86, 95% CI: 1.25-7.31), lower educational attainment (OR = 0.43, 95% CI: 0.22-0.86), higher PHQ-9 scores (OR = 2.31, 95% CI: 1.58-6.52), poor emotional impulsivity control (OR = 4.55, 95% CI: 2.58-8.01), and maladaptive emotion regulation strategies (OR = 3.24, 95% CI: 2.07-7.45) were significantly associated with the presence of ADHD in patients with depression. Adults with comorbid depression and ADHD demonstrate distinct clinical features compared to those with depression alone. Key predictive factors include earlier onset of depression, lower levels of education, more severe depressive symptoms, greater difficulties in emotional impulsivity control, and the use of maladaptive emotion regulation strategies. These findings underscore the need for comprehensive assessment of emotion regulation in depressive patients, as such difficulties may signal the presence of comorbid ADHD. Interventions targeting emotional regulation may enhance diagnostic accuracy and improve treatment outcomes in this population.

Background: Adolescents are at high risk of sexual assault compared to any other age group. The pattern of post-traumatic stress symptoms plus life-impairing disturbances in self-organization (emotion dysregulation, negative self-concept and interpersonal problems) is termed Complex Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (CPTSD). Research about CPTSD after sexual assault in adolescents is limited owing to the challenges associated with assessing this group. This study aims to determine the frequency and structure of CPTSD, and the relationship of emotion dysregulation with impairment and additional trauma exposure among adolescents who have been sexually assaulted. Method: Prospective cohort study of adolescents attending the Sexual Assault Referral Centres serving London over a 2-year period. We conducted cross-sectional analyses (n = 99) on data collected 4-5 months after sexual assault, and Confirmatory Factor Analyses (CFA) and Latent Class Analyses (LCA) to determine the CPTSD profile. CTPSD was defined according to the ICD-11, selecting symptom indicators from the following measures: Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ), Children's Revised Impact of Event Scale (CRIES-13), Short version of the Mood and Feelings Questionnaire (S-MFQ), The Development and Well-Being Assessment (DAWBA). We analysed the association of CPTSD symptom domains with impairment (measured with the SDQ, and the Children's Global Assessment Scale; C-GAS) and with additional trauma exposure. Results: The frequency of ICD-11 PTSD was 59%, and of ICD-11 CPTSD was 40%. CPTSD symptoms showed a strong fit for a correlated 4-factor model, and LCA distinguished a class of participants with high levels of CPTSD symptoms. Emotion dysregulation was associated with impairment in functioning and exposure to trauma beyond other self-organization disturbances and core PTSD symptoms. Conclusions: Disturbances in self-organization are frequent in sexually assaulted adolescents, and emotion dysregulation is associated with impairment and further exposure to trauma. Emotion dysregulation should be considered in preventive and treatment strategies for these vulnerable youth.

Background Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is associated with emotion dysregulation (ED) and in ADHD, beyond ADHD and comorbidity severity, ED confers increased risk for negative outcomes. First- and second-line ADHD pharmacotherapy is effective at ameliorating core symptoms and improving cognitive functioning and accumulating evidence indicates primairly in children and adults, active ADHD pharmacotherapy has beneficial effects on emotional symptoms. Gaps in knowledge remain about whether in adolescents, ADHD pharmacotherapy has beneficial effects on ED or about the extent to which effects are apparent for discontinued/ past ADHD pharmacotherapy. Methods Examined, in N  = 297 adolescents ( M age =15.77 years, SD  = 1.06; 39.06% girls; n  = 86 classified as with ADHD), whether accounting for depression and oppositional symptoms, concurrent and 18-month prospective measures of parent- and self-reported ED (1) differ across adolescents without ADHD, medication-naïve adolescents with ADHD, and ever-medicated (currently or previously) adolescents with ADHD. Results In case of parent-reported ED, ever medicated adolescents with ADHD exhibited a decline in ED over time whereas adolescents without ADHD and never medicated adolescents with ADHD exhibited no changes in ED over time. In case of self-reported ED, ever-medicated adolescents with ADHD exhibited lower ED than never medicated adolescents with ADHD and never medicated adolescents with ADHD exhibited greater ED than adolescents without ADHD. Currently and previously (but not currently) medicated adolescents did not differ in ED. Across parent- and self-reported findings, observed pattern of results held when analyses focused on adolescents who did not change medication status between baseline and follow-up. Conclusions ADHD pharmacotherapy may have a boosting effect on longitudinal changes in parent-reported ED and a normalizing effect on concurrent measures of self-reported ED in adolescents.

Grounded in self-determination theory's (SDT; Ryan & Deci, 2017) organismic perspective, we present a process view of integrative emotion regulation. SDT describes three general types of emotion regulation: integrative emotion regulation, which focuses on emotions as carrying information that is brought to awareness; controlled emotion regulation, which is focused on diminishing emotions through avoidance, suppression, or enforced expression or reappraisal; and amotivated emotion regulation, in which emotions are uncontrolled or dysregulated. We review survey and experimental research contrasting these emotion regulation styles, providing evidence for the benefits of integrative emotion regulation for volitional functioning, personal well-being, and high-quality relationships, and for the costs of controlled emotion regulation and dysregulation. The development of emotion regulation styles is discussed, especially the role of autonomy-supportive parenting in fostering more integrative emotion regulation, and the role of controlling parenting in contributing to controlled or dysregulated emotion processing. Overall, integrative emotion regulation represents a beneficial style of processing emotions, which develops most effectively in a nonjudgmental and autonomy-supportive environment, an issue relevant to both development and psychotherapy.

Emotion dysregulation is defined as patterns of emotional experience or expression that interfere with goal-directed activity. This paper considers this functionalist definition from a developmental perspective with the goal of elaborating this approach with respect to its central questions. What are the goals that are impeded by emotionally dysregulated responding, and what alternative goals might motivate emotion dysregulation? What are the developmental processes by which these goals take shape, and what are the influences of the family context, and especially of central relationships in the family, in their emergence? How does this functionalist account address the complex interaction of experience and developing biological processes that also influence emotion regulation and dysregulation? Drawing on research literature concerning children at risk for affective psychopathology and considering relevant examples of the interaction of biology and context, this discussion offers a portrayal of emotion dysregulation as a biologically dynamic, experience-based aspect of adaptation to environments and relationships that, in conditions of risk for the emergence of developmental psychopathology, motivates patterns of emotional responding that serve immediate coping often at the cost of long-term maladaptation. Implications for emotions theory and the study of developmental psychopathology are also considered.

We tested the effectiveness of mobilizing research findings from a study on parental beliefs about gender and emotion directly to parent stakeholders and examined parent gender, parent emotion dysregulation, and family expressiveness as moderators of belief change pre-to-post knowledge mobilization. A sample of 936 parents of children aged 8-12 completed measures about gendered emotion beliefs, emotion dysregulation, and family expressiveness and was then randomized to watch either a short, animated knowledge mobilization (KMb) video or a control video. KMb effectiveness was moderated by parent gender, such that gendered beliefs decreased significantly more in the KMb condition for fathers but not for mothers. Results also revealed a larger decrease in gendered emotion beliefs post-KMb video for parents who initially endorsed low levels of dysregulation and family emotion expressiveness. Implications for informing future KMb efforts and tailoring such efforts based on the heterogeneity of the targeted audience are discussed. Nous avons testé l'efficacité de la mobilisation des résultats de recherche d'une étude sur les croyances parentales à propos du genre et des émotions directement auprès des parents concernés et avons examiné le genre des parents, la dysrégulation des émotions des parents et l'expressivité de la famille comme modérateurs du changement de croyance avant et après la mobilisation des connaissances. Un échantillon de 936 parents d'enfants âgés de 8 à 12 ans a complété des mesures sur les croyances en matière d'émotions liées au genre, la dysrégulation des émotions et l'expressivité de la famille, puis a été randomisé pour regarder soit une courte vidéo animée de mobilisation des connaissances, soit une vidéo de contrôle. L'efficacité de la mobilisation des connaissances a été modérée par le genre des parents, de sorte que les croyances liées au genre ont diminué de manière considérablement plus importante dans la condition de mobilisation des connaissances pour les pères, mais pas pour les mères. Les résultats ont également révélé une diminution plus importante des croyances liées aux émotions genrées après la vidéo de mobilisation des connaissances chez les parents qui avaient initialement approuvé de faibles niveaux de dysrégulation et d'expressivité des émotions familiales. Les implications pour informer les futurs efforts de mobilisation des connaissances et pour adapter ces efforts en fonction de l'hétérogénéité du public ciblé sont discutées. Public Significance Statement This study found that the effectiveness of a knowledge mobilization (KMb) video about gender and emotion expression was moderated by parent gender, parent emotion dysregulation, and family expressiveness. Our findings suggest that one size does not fit all and that optimal KMb strategies should be tailored to specific knowledge users and their characteristics.

Background Emotional symptoms are increasingly considered a core feature of attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). We aimed to quantify the evidence of emotional dysregulation and its respective facets in individuals with adult ADHD compared to healthy controls using meta-analysis. Methods Two electronic databases (PubMed, PsycINFO) were reviewed to identify studies. Studies were eligible for inclusion that had reports on any measure of emotion (dys) regulation in adults (> 18 years of age) in clinically diagnosed patients with ADHD as well as healthy control participants. We included a total of 13 studies ( N  = 2535) to assess (1) the standardized mean difference in emotion dysregulation (ED) as a general factor and its specific facets (i.e., emotional lability, negative emotional responses, and emotion recognition) between adults with ADHD and healthy controls; and (2) the association between ADHD symptom severity and ED. Results Compared to healthy controls, adults with ADHD revealed significantly higher levels of general ED (Hedges’ g = 1.17, p  < 0.001; Hedges’ g is the adjusted effect size). With regard to intermediate dimensions of ED, emotional lability exhibited the strongest weighted effect (Hedges’ g = 1.20, CI [0.57, 1.83], p  < 0.001). Furthermore, symptom severity and general ED correlated significantly (r = 0.54, p  < 0.001). Regarding intermediate dimensions of ED, negative emotional responses correlated closely with ADHD symptom severity (r = 0.63, p  < 0.001) and emotional lability (r = 0.52, p  < 0.001). Conclusions Our findings support ED symptoms as a core feature of ADHD’s psychopathology. With respect to dimensions of ED, emotional lability, and negative emotional responses play a more definitive role in the psychopathology of adults with ADHD. Due to insufficient statistical reports in the included studies, we could not perform meta-regressions to control the role of moderator variables.

Borderline personality disorder (BPD) is a severe and complex disorder characterized by instability across many life domains, including interpersonal relations, behavior, and emotions. A core feature and contributor to BPD, emotion dysegulation (ED), consists of deficits in the ability to regulate emotions in a manner that allows the individual to pursue important goals or behave effectively in various contexts. Biosocial developmental models of BPD have emphasized a transaction of environmental conditions (e.g., invalidating environments and adverse childhood experiences) with key genetically linked vulnerabilities (e.g., impulsivity and emotional vulnerability) in the development of ED and BPD. Emerging evidence has begun to highlight the complex, heterotypic pathways to the development of BPD, with key heritable vulnerability factors possibly interacting with aspects of the rearing environment to produce worsening ED and an adolescent trajectory consisting of self-damaging behaviors and eventual BPD. Adults with BPD have shown evidence of a variety of cognitive, physiological, and behavioral characteristics of ED. As the precursors to the development of ED and BPD have become clearer, prevention and treatment efforts hold great promise for reducing the long-term suffering, functional impairment, and considerable societal costs associated with BPD.

Emotion dysregulation is a transdiagnostic factor in the development of various mental and behavioral disorders, thus requiring ample evidence for prevention and intervention approaches. The aim of the current systematic review and meta-analysis was to investigate the association between parenting dimensions/styles and emotion dysregulation in childhood and adolescence. Following the PRISMA guidelines, the review was registered (PROSPERO CRD42021251672) and search terms were entered in Web of Science, Scopus, PsycINFO, and PubMed in May 2021. Articles needed to report on empirical studies that examined the association between parenting dimensions/styles and emotion dysregulation in children/adolescents with primary data, and be published in English in a peer-reviewed journal. Additionally, articles were excluded based on certain designs and focus on special populations. The narrative synthesis includes 30 articles, and of which 27 are included in the meta-analysis. An NHLBI tool with 14 items (e.g., validity) was utilized for assessing the quality of the included studies. General trends indicate that positive parenting (e.g., warmth, supportiveness) is negatively associated with emotion dysregulation, whilst negative parenting (e.g., psychological control, authoritarian) is positively associated. The meta-analysis reveals an overall small yet significant effect, however, the heterogeneity of the studies is moderate to high. A funnel plot demonstrated no evidence of publication bias. Limitations include the varying conceptualizations of emotion dysregulation, as well as a lacking focus on specific types of emotion. Although more research is needed, addressing factors such as culture, gender, and age, the review provides first indications of the significance of parenting dimensions/styles for emotion dysregulation.