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"global urban development"
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Subprime cities : the political economy of mortgage markets
\"Subprime Cities: The Political Economy of Mortgage Markets presents a collection of works from social scientists that offer important insights into what is happening in today's mortgage market including the causes, effects, and aftermath of the 'subprime' mortgage crisis\"-- Provided by publisher.
Book
Risky Cities
Over half the world’s population lives in urban regions, and increasingly disasters are of great concern to city dwellers, policymakers, and builders. However, disaster risk is also of great interest to corporations, financiers, and investors. Risky Cities is a critical examination of global urban development, capitalism, and its relationship with environmental hazards. It is about how cities live and profit from the threat of sinkholes, garbage, and fire. Risky Cities is not simply about post-catastrophe profiteering. This book focuses on the way in which disaster capitalism has figured out ways to commodify environmental bads and manage risks. Notably, capitalist city-building results in the physical transformation of nature. This necessitates risk management strategies –such as insurance, environmental assessments, and technocratic mitigation plans. As such capitalists redistribute risk relying on short-term fixes to disaster risk rather than address long-term vulnerabilities.
eBook
4D hyperlocal : a cultural toolkit for the open-source city
\"The evolution of digital tools is revolutionising urban design, planning and community engagement. This is enabling a new \"hyperlocal\" mode of design made possible by geolocation technologies and GPS-enabled mobile devices that support connectivity through open-source applications. Real-time analysis of environments and individuals' input and feedback bring a new immediacy and responsiveness. Established linear design methods are being replaced by adaptable mapping processes. real-time data streams and experiential means, fostering more dynamic spatial analysis and public feedback. This shifts the emphasis in urban design from the creation of objects and spaces to collaboration with users, and from centralised to distributed participatory systems.\"--back cover.
BOOK
Exploring Community Perceptions of Climate Change Issues in Peninsular Malaysia
The urbanization process in Peninsular Malaysia has resulted in an increase in temperature. Large cities such as Kuala Lumpur, Johor Bharu, and George Town are experiencing rapid urbanization processes, resulting in unpredictable changes in temperature and weather, which consequently impact community livelihoods. Many believe that the recent flooding in urban residential areas in Peninsular Malaysia has been worsened by climate change. Hence, this paper explores and discusses recent community perceptions of the climate change issue in Peninsular Malaysia. A group of 350 community members from different states in Peninsular Malaysia gave their views and opinions related to climate change via an online quantitative survey questionnaire. Their perception of the urbanization process and its impact on the increase in temperature was descriptively analyzed using the frequency analysis technique and mean score, while their suggestions in verbatim form on reducing the effects of climate change were analyzed thematically. The respondents perceived the climate change issue as attributable to the factors of urbanization, namely the manufacturing industry, population density, and private motor vehicles. Respondents provided suggestions for reducing the effects of climate change, ranging from government policies to community actions.
Journal Article
Scientific Aspects of the Study of Transcontinental Relations and Global Settlement
A critical review of urban planning scientific aspects of the study of the globalization of settlement systems, including the impact of cross-border and transcontinental links on global urban and interethnic integration and communication processes, is presented. A brief description of the evolution of antagonistic urban planning concepts of studying the trends in the organization and development of macro-regional and global forms of settlement, their interrelationships, and interdependencies, as well as an analysis of the impact of these concepts on the formation of global communication relations, is given. Urban planning is defined as an interdisciplinary science of complex forecasting and planning of world settlement systems and their elements. The interrelation of the seven “principles–compromises” as urban planning principles of ensuring a sustainable balance in the interests of present and future generations is presented. Two urban planning methods of conflict resolution within the framework of the problem under consideration are proposed, based on the modeling of territories of partnership relations and the formation of global settlement based on the development of the uniqueness of territories.
Journal Article
Climate change, disaster risk, and the urban poor : cities building resilience for a changing world
Poor people living in slums are at particularly high risk from the impacts of climate change and natural hazards. They live on the most vulnerable land within cities, typically areas deemed undesirable by others and thus affordable. This study analyzes the key challenges facing the urban poor, given the risks associated with climate change and disasters, particularly with regard to the delivery of basic services, and identifies strategies and financing opportunities for addressing these risks. The main audience for this study includes mayors and other city managers, national governments, donors, and practitioners in the fields of climate change, disaster-risk management, and urban development. The work is part of a broader program under the Mayor's task force on climate change, disaster risk and the urban poor. The study is organized in four chapters covering: 1) a broad look at climate change and disaster risk in cities of the developing world, with particular implications for the urban poor; 2) analysis of the vulnerability of the urban poor; 3) discussion of recommended approaches for building resilience for the urban poor; and 4) review of the financing opportunities for covering investments in basic services and other needs associated with climate and disaster risk.
eBook
Leveraging Bogotá
The 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development is marked by the consolidation of sustainability as a key guiding principle and an emphasis on cities as a potential solution to global development problems. However, in the absence of an agreement on how to implement sustainable development in cities, a set of urban policy solutions and ‘best practices’ became the vehicles through which the sustainable development agenda is spreading worldwide. This article shows that the rapid circulation of Bogotá as a model of sustainable transport since the 2000s reflects an increasing focus of the international development apparatus on urban policy solutions as an arena to achieve global development impacts, what I call the ‘leveraging cities’ logic in this article. This logic emerges at a particular historical conjuncture characterised by: (1) the rising power of global philanthropy to set development agendas; (2) the generalisation of solutionism as a strategy of action among development and philanthropic organisations; and (3) the increasing attention on cities as solutions for global development problems, particularly around sustainability and climate change. By connecting urban policy mobilities debates with development studies this article seeks to unpack the emergence, and the limits, of ‘leveraging cities’ as a proliferating global development practice. These urban policy solutions are far from being a clear framework of action. Rather, their circulation becomes a ‘quick fix’ to frame the problem of sustainable development given the unwillingness of development and philanthropic organisations to intervene in the structural factors and multiple scales that produce environmental degradation and climate change.
“2030年可持续发展议程”的特点是将可持续性作为一项关键指导原则强化，并强调将城市作为解决全球发展问题的潜在办法。然而，由于没有就如何在城市实施可持续发展达成协议，一系列城市政策解决方案和“最佳实践”成为可持续发展议程在全球范围内传播的工具。本文表明，自2000年代以来波哥大作为可持续交通模式的迅速传播，反映了国际发展机制越来越注重城市政策解决方案，将其作为实现全球发展影响的舞台，在这篇文章中我称之为“利用城市”的逻辑。这种逻辑出现在一个特定的历史时期，其特点是：（1）在制定发展议程方面，全球慈善事业的力量崛起；（2）“解决方案主义”作为发展和慈善组织行动战略的普遍化；（3）越来越多地关注城市作为全球发展问题的解决方案，特别是围绕可持续性和气候变化问题。
通过将城市政策流动性辩论与发展研究联系起来，本文旨在揭示“利用城市”作为一种激增的全球发展实践的出现和局限。这些城市政策解决方案远非明确的行动框架。相反，鉴于发展和慈善组织不愿意干预产生环境退化和气候变化的结构因素和多种层面，它们的流行成为了框定可持续发展问题的“快速解决方案”。
Journal Article
Cities and the Anthropocene
The emerging ‘grand challenges’ of climate change, resource scarcity and population growth present a risk nexus to cities in the Anthropocene. This article discusses the potential that rapid urbanisation presents to help mitigate these risks through large-scale transitions if future urban development is delivered using evidence-based policies that promote regenerative urban outcomes (e.g. decarbonising energy, recycling water and waste, generating local food, integrating biodiversity). Observations from an Australian case study are used to describe urban governance approaches capable of supporting regenerative urbanism. The regenerative urbanism concept is associated with macro-scale urban and transport planning that shapes different urban fabrics (walking, transit, automobile), as the underlying infrastructure of each fabric exhibits a different performance, with automobile fabric being the least regenerative. Supporting urban systems based upon regenerative design principles at different scales (macro, meso and micro) can deliver deep and dramatic outcomes for not just reducing the impact of the grand challenges but turning them into regenerative change. In combination, these approaches form the cornerstone of regenerative cities that can address the grand challenges of the Anthropocene, while simultaneously improving livability and urban productivity to foster human flourishing.
气候变化、资源稀缺和人口增长等新出现的“巨大挑战”为人类世的城市带来了一系列风险。本文所探讨的是，如果未来的城市发展是采用以证据为基础的政策，从而促进“再生性城市”结果（如脱碳能源，水和废物循环，食品生产本地化，重回生物多样性的各个领域），快速城市化将产生的一种潜能，这种潜能可以通过大规模转变减轻这些风险。澳大利亚案例研究的观察结果用于说明能够支持再生性城市化的城市治理方法。再生性城市化概念与宏观规模的城市和交通规划相关联。城市规划形成不同的城市构造（步行，公交，私家车），而每种构造的基础设施则表现出不同的性能，私家车构造是最不具有再生性的。基于不同层面（宏观，中观和微观）的再生性设计原则支持城市系统，这可以带来深刻而显著的结果，不仅可以减少上述“巨大挑战”的影响，还可以将其转变为再生性变革。这些方法结合起来，便构成了再生性城市的基石，可以应对人类世的巨大挑战，同时提高宜居性和城市生产力，促进人类繁荣。
Journal Article
Urban land conflict in the Global South
In cities of the Global South, access to land is a pressing concern. Typically neither states nor markets provide suitable land for all users, especially low-income households. In the context of urban growth and inequality, acute competition for land and the regulatory failures of states often result in conflict, which is sometimes violent, affecting urban authorities and residents. Conflicts are often mentioned in analyses of urban land, but rarely examined in depth. This paper develops a framework for land conflict analysis, drawing on relevant literature and the papers in this special issue. In order to explore the drivers, dynamics and outcomes of urban land conflicts, diverse disciplinary perspectives are discussed, including environmental security, political ecology, legal anthropology, land governance, conflict analysis and management, and urban conflict and violence. The papers focus on conflicts in the peri-urban areas of Xalapa, Mexico, and Juba, South Sudan, and during informal settlement upgrading in eThekwini (Durban), South Africa, and Nairobi. A second paper on South Africa examines how current tenure law reflects the characteristics and outcomes of previous conflicts. We suggest that an analytical framework needs, first, to consider definitional categories, including the material and emotional dimensions of access to land, conflict and violence, and tenure. Second, it needs to identify and examine the interests and behaviour of the many actors involved in urban land conflicts. And third, it needs to analyse the interactions and relationships between those involved at different levels, from the individual/household, through the local to the citywide, national and international.
Journal Article
Smart Cities
<p><b> Provides the foundations and principles needed for addressing the various challenges of developing smart cities </b> <p> Smart cities are emerging as a priority for research and development across the world. They open up significant opportunities in several areas, such as economic growth, health, wellness, energy efficiency, and transportation, to promote the sustainable development of cities. This book provides the basics of smart cities, and it examines the possible future trends of this technology. <i>Smart Cities: Foundations, Principles, and Applications</i> provides a systems science perspective in presenting the foundations and principles that span multiple disciplines for the development of smart cities. <p> Divided into three parts—foundations, principles, and applications—<i>Smart Cities</i> addresses the various challenges and opportunities of creating smart cities and all that they have to offer. It also covers smart city theory modeling and simulation, and examines case studies of existing smart cities from all around the world. In addition, the book: <ul> <li>Addresses how to develop a smart city and how to present the state of the art and practice of them all over the world</li> <li>Focuses on the foundations and principles needed for advancing the science, engineering, and technology of smart cities—including system design, system verification, real-time control and adaptation, Internet of Things, and test beds</li> <li>Covers applications of smart cities as they relate to smart transportation/connected vehicle (CV) and Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS) for improved mobility, safety, and environmental protection</li> </ul> <br> <p><i> Smart Cities: Foundations, Principles, and Applications</i> is a welcome reference for the many researchers and professionals working on the development of smart cities and smart city-related industries.
eBook