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Comprehensive and timely, Edible and Medicinal Mushrooms: Technology and Applications provides the most up to date information on the various edible mushrooms on the market. Compiling knowledge on their production, application and nutritional effects, chapters are dedicated to the cultivation of major species such as Agaricus bisporus, Pleurotus ostreatus, Agaricus subrufescens, Lentinula edodes, Ganoderma lucidum and others. With contributions from top researchers from around the world, topics covered include: • Biodiversity and biotechnological applications • Cultivation technologies • Control of pests and diseases • Current market overview • Bioactive mechanisms of mushrooms • Medicinal and nutritional properties Extensively illustrated with over 200 images, this is the perfect resource for researchers and professionals in the mushroom industry, food scientists and nutritionists, as well as academics and students of biology, agronomy, nutrition and medicine.

Normal 0 21 false false false MicrosoftInternetExplorer4 /* Style Definitions */ table.MsoNormalTable mso-style-name:\"Tabla normal\"; mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0; mso-tstyle-colband-size:0; mso-style-noshow:yes; mso-style-parent:\"\"; mso-padding-alt:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; mso-para-margin:0cm; mso-para-margin-bottom:.0001pt; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:10.0pt; font-family:\"Times New Roman\"; mso-ansi-language:#0400; mso-fareast-language:#0400; mso-bidi-language:#0400; Del cuerpo fructífero de Suillus luteus se extrajeron e identificaron, con base en el análisis de sus espectros de masas,  dieciséis compuestos, los cuales corresponden al ácido palmítico, oléico, linolénico y linoléico, octadecanoato de etilo, ergosta-7,22-dien-3β-ol, ergosta-7-en-3β-ol, estigmasterol , ergosta-3,5,7,9(11),22-pentaeno, ergosta-2,5,7,9(11),14,22-hexaeno, 23-metil-estigmast-3,5,7,22-tetraeno, 23-metil-estigmast-3,5,7,9(11),22-pentaeno, ergosta-4,6,15(16),22-tetraen-3-ona,  ergosta-1,5,7,9(11),22-pentaen-3-ona, ergosta-5,7,9(11),22-tetraen-3β-ol y ergosta-5,6,7-trihidroxi-7,22-dien-3β-ol. Siendo este un hongo tan poco estudiado, todos los compuestos, a excepción de los ácidos grasos, se reportan aquí por primera vez.

Del extracto en acetato de etilo del hongo comestible Laccaria laccata, se aislaron 3 ácidos grasos, 6 esteres etílicos, 5 esteroles y un triterpeno ergostánico. Los compuestos se identificaron por E.M. como ácido palmítico, ácido linoléico y ácido oléico, Hexadecanoato de etilo, 8-octadecenoato de etilo, 9-octadecenoato de etilo, 9,12-octadecadienoato de etilo, estearato de etilo, eicosanoato de etilo, ergosta-2,5,7,9(11),22-pentaeno, ergosta-5,7,22-trien-3 b -ol (ergosterol), ergosta-7,22-dien-3 b -ol, ergosta-7-en-3 b -ol, ergosta-5,7,9(11),22-tetraen-3 b -ol y estigmast-5-en-3 b -ol. Tanto los ésteres como los dos últimos compuestos se reportan por primera vez en la especie laccata.

Twenty-five carpophores were sampled and the influence of various factors on concentration and distribution of principal neutral (phalloin, phalloidin, phallisin) and acid (phallacidin and phallisacin) phallotoxins in Amanita phalloides was investigated. The nature of the organ investigated is stressed; for phallotoxins, the volva is most toxic. In addition, specimens collected from ordinary lowland countryside contained twice the toxin quantities as those from a medium altitude site; these quantities depend on a high neutral molecule content and particularly phalloidin. Substantial variations in toxin levels between two consecutive collection operations during the mushroom season were also observed whatever the collection site. This indicated a fall in these values at the end of the seasonal cycle. Although toxin levels depended on collection date, predominance of neutral or acid molecules remained constant. Phallotoxin levels also varied by various stages of carpophore development. In specimens from the plain, this resulted in a different distribution of neutral and acid toxins at maturity. Determination of toxin levels at various stages of maturation varied according to the specimens analyzed.

Freshly-harvested, cultivated mushrooms (Agaricus bisporus) were washed in 1000 ppm solutions of sodium sulfite and stored in ventilated, polyvinylchloride film-overwrapped packages at 5 and 15 degrees C. Total sulfur dioxide of the mushrooms was measured by the modified Monier-Williams procedure numerous times during a 48-h storage period. Initial SO(2) averaged 48.1 ppm and subsequently declined at a logarithmic rate. Total SO(2) fell below detectable levels (less than 10 ppm) at about 11.8 and 15.6 h at 15 and 5 degrees C, respectively

Twenty-four unique genotypes of Lentinus edodes were evaluated for their biological efficiency (BE), mushroom size and mushroom quality on a nutrient enriched sawdust substrate. Significant differences among lines were found for these parameters. Biological efficiencies ranged from 124% (WC 305) to 6.1% (WC 295). Percentages of mushrooms produced with abnormal morphology ranged from a low of 0% to a high of 88%. Breeding and selection of shiitake lines for improved biological efficiency, size and quality would reduce production costs and may help to increase consumption of fresh shiitake mushrooms.

Micromphale westii, the type species of Micromphale sect. Rhizomorphigena, is considered a synonym of Marasmius brevipes. Micromphale sect. Rhizomorphigena is reevaluated utilizing pileipellis and stipe tissue morphology and transferred to Marasmius, where it is allied with sect. Androsacei. Micromphale is redefined and considered to comprise two sections, Micromphale and Perforantia. Type specimens of two previously linked species were reexamined. Marasmius porphyreticus is placed in sect. Rhizomorphigena. Arrhenia goossensiae is redescribed, and Marasmiellus usambarensis, from Tanzania, is described as a new species. All taxa are illustrated and compared with phenetically similar taxa.

La France disease is among the most serious infectious disorders of the common cultivated mushroom, Agaricus bisporus (Lange) Imbach. Because mycoviruses typically possess double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) genomes, the discovery of discrete dsRNA molecules in diseased tissues constitutes the most convincing evidence for the viral etiology of La France disease. The authors have shown that the presence of a highly conserved and characteristic dsRNA pattern correlated positively with symptoms of La France disease. In this study, the authors establish that the identical dsRNA pattern is associated with the disease as it occurs in the recently developed hybrid strains and that previously unreported and distinct dsRNAs are widespread in healthy basidiocarps.

A new genus in the Entolomataceae is described from North America. While in many respects it is microscopically similar to Rhodocybe Maire, Rhodocybella differs markedly from Rhodocybe in three important features. Rhodocybella produces basidiomes with cupulate pendant pilei which are laterally attached, the hymenophore is smooth or produces a few rudimentary lamellar folds, and the hyphae of the pileipellis form knobby to subdiverticulate projections. These features are not found in members of Rhodocybe. Rhodocybella rhododendri has only been collected from the surface of the periderm of living Rhododendron maximum L. stems after periods of heavy rainfall.

The root rot fungus Armillaria mellea in the broad sense represents a complex of different morphological forms. Two new and previously undescribed forms were found to belong to two biological species using mating tests with standard voucher strains. Monosporous cultures from basidiocarps harvested in Québec were compatible with strains of groups II and III corresponding to two new species: Armillaria gemina Bérubé & Dessureault and Armillaria calvescens Bérubé & Dessureault, respectively. They are described and their occurrence and ecology documented. Morphological characteristics of basidiocarps and vegetative isolates can be used to differentiate biological species I, II, III, V, VI and VII found in eastern North America. A key to the A. mellea complex in North America is also presented.