Explore the vast range of titles available.

This paper focuses on the standard and non-standard language varieties present in the original dialogue, i.e. the source text (ST), of Miracolo a Milano by Vittorio De Sica and its English subtitles, i.e. the target text (TT). A two-level multimodal analysis was performed on an annotated corpus to identify the different diegetic functions established by the intermodal relations present in the ST and to assess the impact of the adopted translation strategies in preserving, modifying, or eliminating these intermodal relations in the TT. The results of the textual level of analysis show that the non-standard oral variety is used in the TT as the only solution to translate the non-standard varieties of the ST. However, this choice does not convey information about the geographical origins or social background of the characters, and only signals the informal register of the conversation. At the diegetic level, in the TT, the standard variety associated with the wealthy characters and the non-standard oral variety associated with the slum dwellers maintain the intermodal relations and diegetic functions established in the ST. In some cases, however, the non-standard oral variety in the TT eliminates or modifies the diegetic functions originally assumed.

La presente exposición propone un diagrama de repetición rítmica y no finita que representa la trama del hacerse de la lengua, en la cual intervienen innovaciones, adopciones, variedades lingüísticas y espacios comunicativos; propone, igualmente un diagrama que indique la manera en que se articulan las operaciones del cambio y del contacto lingüístico. A modo de ilustración, se toma el ejemplo de la doble marca del posesivo en el español de los Andes. El primer diagrama muestra la manera en que una innovación (la mayor frecuencia de uso de la doble marca del posesivo), surgida en situación de contacto del castellano con el quechua o el aimara, emprende un movimiento de flujo y reflujo a través de diferentes espacios comunicativos: el rural, el urbano provincial, el urbano metropolitano y el urbano transnacional. El segundo diagrama muestra cómo los procedimientos del contacto lingüístico (imposición y préstamo) intervienen en la difusión de la doble marca del posesivo. My presentation suggests a rhythmic, and not finite, repetition diagram representing the weave of language in the making, where innovations, adoptions, linguistic varieties and communicative spaces intervene. It also presents a diagram indicating the way in which linguistic change and contact operations are articulated. As an illustration, the example of the double mark of the possessive in Andean Spanish is used. The first diagram shows how an innovation (most frequent use of the possessive's double mark), emerging from a situation of Spanish with Quechua or Aimara contact, initiates a movement of flux and reflux through different communicative spaces: rural, urban provincial, urban metropolitan, and urban transnational. The second diagram exhibits the procedures of linguistic contact (imposition and borrowing) participating in the spreading of the possessive's double mark.

This article examines perceptions on the variety of French of French immersion students. From an ethnographic and sociolinguistic study conducted in two Junior high schools in Western Canada, the author examines teachers', administrators', parents', and students' discourses on French. Even if students are happy with their overall experience in French Immersion, they also feel that their French is never good enough. Firstly, the dominating ideology in Canada and around the world promotes standard French for second language learners. Secondly, one needs to be legitimate (to have the right, Bourdieu, 1978) to be part of the groups that speaks French. In this globalized world, in order for French to be valued in different areas of our day-to-day life, one needs to accept different French speakers. [PUBLICATION ABSTRACT]

The toponymic landscape of South Africa, as colourful as its flag, a kaleidoscope of colour, reflects the diversity of South African citizens. This chapter aims to point out that the geographical names, in this case referring to urban entities, collectively also reflect the hearts and minds of those who gave the names, ultimately expressing what it means to be a South African in the face of shared historical and cultural experiences that motivated the bestowal of the name. The effect of the policy of transformation will be discussed focusing on how transformation differs from mere change and how these two concepts apply to the geographical names of South Africa and its peoples. Using the onomastic framework of the etymological and associative meanings of place names, it will be pointed out that being South African involves both shared and differentiating experiences leading to the conclusion that there is no definition for a South African identity and that a national identity is subject to a consciousness and tolerance of social diversity and need.

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction: origins and development of Castilian Spanish in Spain Variation and identity in current Peninsular Spanish Concluding remarks: toward multilingualism References

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction Phonic variation and linguistic change Phonic variation in the use of the language The phonic system of the Spanish language and its variable elements The relative importance of the contextual and distributional factors External phonic factors Conclusion References

This chapter contains sections titled: Linguistic Aspects of Basilectal Creole Varieties Linguistic Aspects of Intermediate Creole Varieties Local Standard Varieties The Autonomy of Creole Varieties Changing Attitudes to Creole Creole in Literature Creole in Education References and Further Reading

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction Spanish‐English code‐switching: what is it? Spanish‐English code‐switching: who practices it? Spanish‐English code‐switching: why do speakers do it? Spanish‐English code‐switching: when do speakers do it? References

This chapter contains sections titled: Genetic and Areal Factors Sociolinguistic Typology Contact and Complexification Contact and Simplification The Conundrum The “Critical Threshold” Two Types of Contact Conclusion References