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Teaching innovations in lipid science
\"Filled with practical strategies and exciting experiments, Teaching Innovations in Lipid Science addresses lipid education at a range of levels from the novice to the graduate student and teacher. Peer-reviewed contributions from internationally known specialists describe several methods and approaches designed to create new lipid courses, modify existing courses, and serve as a basis for pursuing novel avenues of instruction.\"--BOOK JACKET.
Book
Milk polar lipids reduce lipid cardiovascular risk factors in overweight postmenopausal women: towards a gut sphingomyelin-cholesterol interplay
ObjectiveTo investigate whether milk polar lipids (PL) impact human intestinal lipid absorption, metabolism, microbiota and associated markers of cardiometabolic health.DesignA double-blind, randomised controlled 4-week study involving 58 postmenopausal women was used to assess the chronic effects of milk PL consumption (0, 3 or 5 g-PL/day) on lipid metabolism and gut microbiota. The acute effects of milk PL on intestinal absorption and metabolism of cholesterol were assessed in a randomised controlled crossover study using tracers in ileostomy patients.ResultsOver 4 weeks, milk PL significantly reduced fasting and postprandial plasma concentrations of cholesterol and surrogate lipid markers of cardiovascular disease risk, including total/high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol and apolipoprotein (Apo)B/ApoA1 ratios. The highest PL dose preferentially induced a decreased number of intestine-derived chylomicron particles. Also, milk PL increased faecal loss of coprostanol, a gut-derived metabolite of cholesterol, but major bacterial populations and faecal short-chain fatty acids were not affected by milk PL, regardless of the dose. Acute ingestion of milk PL by ileostomy patients shows that milk PL decreased cholesterol absorption and increased cholesterol-ileal efflux, which can be explained by the observed co-excretion with milk sphingomyelin in the gut.ConclusionThe present data demonstrate for the first time in humans that milk PL can improve the cardiometabolic health by decreasing several lipid cardiovascular markers, notably through a reduced intestinal cholesterol absorption involving specific interactions in the gut, without disturbing the major bacterial phyla of gut microbiota.Trial registration number NCT02099032 and NCT02146339; Results.
Journal Article
Lipid landscapes and pipelines in membrane homeostasis
The lipid composition of cellular organelles is tailored to suit their specialized tasks. A fundamental transition in the lipid landscape divides the secretory pathway in early and late membrane territories, allowing an adaptation from biogenic to barrier functions. Defending the contrasting features of these territories against erosion by vesicular traffic poses a major logistical problem. To this end, cells evolved a network of lipid composition sensors and pipelines along which lipids are moved by non-vesicular mechanisms. We review recent insights into the molecular basis of this regulatory network and consider examples in which malfunction of its components leads to system failure and disease.
Journal Article
67 Are we missing patients with familial hypercholesterolaemia? assessment of lipid profile in patients referred via the primary PCI pathway
BackgroundThe advantages of statins have been indisputably demonstrated in secondary prevention and the greatest benefit has been established with early and intensive therapy following acute coronary syndrome. According to ESC and NICE guidelines, a lipid profile should be obtained as soon as possible after admission. Though recommendations are to commence therapy in all patients irrespective of lipid profile, levels still need to be assessed at baseline and 6–12 weeks.Project AimsThe main objectives were to improve assessment of lipid profile in the acute setting in all patients admitted with ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). Through this, there was capacity to aid in recognition and diagnosis of familial hypercholesterolaemia (FH).MethodologyA retrospective assessment of all patients referred via primary percutaneous intervention (PPCI) pathway to the Trent Cardiac Centre between April 2016 and April 2017. It was evaluated whether a random inpatient lipid profile was obtained, whether patients met biochemical Simon Broome criteria for FH (TC >7.5± LDL-C >4.9) and whether they were referred Lipid Clinic. Whether a statin was prescribed and whether they were followed up was also investigated.ResultsFrom the 383 patients referred, 52 did not meet inclusion criteria. Of the remaining 331 patients, 20.2% (n=67) of patients did not have lipid profile checked as an inpatient. Of the 264 patients who had a lipid profile checked, 3% (n=8) met biochemical Simon Broome criteria and 0 were referred to lipid clinic.Abstract 67 Figure 1 Flow chart demonstrating project pathway, patients included and excluded and whether they were investigated and referred 41.3% (n=133) of patients had a follow up lipid profile. Only 32.2% (n=104) had both inpatient and follow up lipid profileThere was good adherence to prescription of lipid lowering medication with 98.4% (n=326) of patients prescribed a statin. All patients that were not commenced on a statin had a documented reason.Conclusion and interpretationThese results demonstrate that more than 1 in 5 patients referred via the PPCI pathway did not have a random lipid profile checked. This shows a lack of adherence to guidelines. The 3% of patients meeting criteria for possible FH and were not referred to lipid clinic could have potential clinical implications in the future for patients and their families.
Journal Article
The big fat surprise : why butter, meat, and cheese belong in a healthy diet
Investigative journalist Nina Teicholz reveals here that everything we thought we knew about dietary fat is wrong. She documents how the low-fat nutrition advice of the past sixty years has amounted to a vast uncontrolled experiment on the entire population, with disastrous consequences for our health. For decades, we have been told that the best possible diet involves cutting back on fat, especially saturated fat, and that if we are not getting healthier or thinner, we are not trying hard enough. But what if the low-fat diet is itself the problem? Based on a nine-year investigation, Teicholz shows how the misinformation about saturated fats took hold in the scientific community and the public imagination, and how recent findings have overturned these beliefs. --From publisher description.
Book
Formulation and optimization of astaxanthin nanoemulsions with marine phospholipids derived from large yellow croaker
The aim of this work was to investigate the emulsifying capacity of marine phospholipids derived from large yellow croaker roe (LYCRPLs). Initially, conditions for preparing astaxanthin (1% w/w) nanoemulsions with LYCRPLs were optimized based on single-factor experiments, including homogenization pressure, homogenization cycle, emulsifier concentration and corn oil concentration via the response surface methodology. The optimal homogenization pressure was 60 MPa, the optimal number of homogenization cycles was nine, the optimal emulsifier concentration was 4.7%, and the optimal oil concentration was 20%. Under these conditions, the stability, particle size and polydispersity index of nanoemulsions were 0.018 [+ or -] 0.0016, 247 [+ or -] 4.5 nm and 0.215 [+ or -] 0.019, respectively. The droplets of nanoemulsions were characterized by transmission electron microscopy, which revealed that all the droplets were more or less spherical and nonaggregated. In addition, the storage experiments indicated that the nanoemulsions were stable at different temperatures. Therefore, LYCRPLs could be explored as carriers for the delivery of insoluble bioactive compounds in the food industry.
Journal Article