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Nanotechnology applications in green energy systems
\"This book will be beneficial for students, researchers and scientists working in the field of green energy systems. In the last few decades, green energy technologies have gained significant interest. The increase of heat transfer in green energy technologies is one of the most important concerns in energy collection, energy storage, energy utilization, energy conservation, and optimum design. Since nanofluids/nano-enhanced phase change materials are used to increase heat transfer characteristics and thermal properties compared to conventional fluids/phase change materials, the performance of green energy technologies can be improved. These novel strategies are gaining interest to researchers and authors in recent years. This book presents the various applications of nanofluids, hybrid nanofluids, and nano-enhanced phase change materials in green energy technologies such as solar thermal energy storage, photovoltaic/thermal systems, tracking and non-tracking solar collectors, solar thermal power plant, and wind turbine cooling systems. The thermophysical properties of the nanofluids and nano-enhanced phase change materials are also presented. This book also overviews the challenges and opportunities in implementing the nanofluids/nano-enhanced phase change materials application in green energy technologies\"-- Provided by publisher.
BOOK
Comparative study of some non-Newtonian nanofluid models across stretching sheet: a case of linear radiation and activation energy effects
The use of renewable energy sources is leading the charge to solve the world’s energy problems, and non-Newtonian nanofluid dynamics play a significant role in applications such as expanding solar sheets, which are examined in this paper, along with the impacts of activation energy and solar radiation. We solve physical flow issues using partial differential equations and models like Casson, Williamson, and Prandtl. To get numerical solutions, we first apply a transformation to make these equations ordinary differential equations, and then we use the MATLAB-integrated bvp4c methodology. Through the examination of dimensionless velocity, concentration, and temperature functions under varied parameters, our work explores the physical properties of nanofluids. In addition to numerical and tabular studies of the skin friction coefficient, Sherwood number, and local Nusselt number, important components of the flow field are graphically shown and analyzed. Consistent with previous research, this work adds important new information to the continuing conversation in this area. Through the examination of dimensionless velocity, concentration, and temperature functions under varied parameters, our work explores the physical properties of nanofluids. Comparing the Casson nanofluid to the Williamson and Prandtl nanofluids, it is found that the former has a lower velocity. Compared to Casson and Williamson nanofluid, Prandtl nanofluid advanced in heat flux more quickly. The transfer of heat rates are
25.87
%
,
33.61
%
and
40.52
%
at
R
d
=
0.5
,
R
d
=
1.0
, and
R
d
=
1.5
, respectively. The heat transfer rate is increased by
6.91
%
as the value of
Rd
rises from 1.0 to 1.5. This study is further strengthened by a comparative analysis with previous research, which is complemented by an extensive table of comparisons for a full evaluation.
Journal Article
Nanofluidics
This PrimeView highlights how to measure fluid properties in artificial nanopores.
Journal Article
Effects of hybrid Al2O3-CNT nanofluids and cryogenic cooling on machining of Ti–6Al–4V
Owing to superior physio-chemical characteristics, titanium alloys are widely adopted in numerous fields such as medical, aerospace, and military applications. However, titanium alloys have poor machinability due to its low thermal conductivity which results in high temperature during machining. Numerous lubrication and cooling techniques have already been employed to reduce the harmful environmental footprints and temperature elevation and to improve the machining of titanium alloys. In this current work, an attempt has been made to evaluate the effectiveness of two cooling and lubrication techniques namely cryogenic cooling and hybrid nanoadditive–based minimum quantity lubrication (MQL). The key objective of this experimental research is to compare the influence of cryogenic CO
2
and hybrid nanofluid–based MQL techniques for turning Ti–6Al–4V. The used hybrid nanofluid is alumina (Al
2
O
3
) with multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) dispersed in vegetable oil. Taguchi-based L9 orthogonal-array was used for the design of the experiment. The design variables were cutting speed, feed rate, and cooling technique. Results showed that the hybrid nanoadditives reduced the average surface roughness by 8.72%, cutting force by 11.8%, and increased the tool life by 23% in comparison with the cryogenic cooling. Nevertheless, the cryogenic technique showed a reduction of 11.2% in cutting temperature compared to the MQL-hybrid nanofluids at low and high levels of cutting speed and feed rate. In this regard, a milestone has been achieved by implementing two different sustainable cooling/lubrication techniques.
Journal Article
Exploring convective conditions in three-dimensional rotating ternary hybrid nanofluid flow over an extending sheet: a numerical analysis
Nanofluids hold paramount importance in various fields, notably in thermal engineering, due to their exceptional thermal conductivity and heat transfer properties. This heightened efficiency makes nanofluids invaluable in enhancing the performance of cooling systems, heating processes, and thermal management applications. Keeping in view these important applications, this study involves the analysis of ternary hybrid nanofluid containing
Cu
,
TiO
2
, and
SiO
2
in water on a porous stretchy three-dimensional surface incorporating thermal radiation, thermophoretic forces, chemical reaction, Joule heating with convective and mass flux conditions. The leading equations rendered to dimensionless notation through the application of similarity transformation. Subsequently, the solution to the transformed equation is acquired using the bvp4c method. As outcome of the work, an elevated thermophoresis factor leads to an expansion of the concentration, whereas a lessening tendency is noted for Schmidt number, Brownian motion and chemical reactivity factor. The thermal efficiency of the ternary nanofluid is enhanced by factors such as thermophoresis thermal radiation, Biot number, Eckert number, and magnetic field. The computed estimates of drag force at surface reveal the impact of various parameters, indicating that an increase in the porosity parameter leads to a reduction in the surface drag force in
x
-
as well as
y
-
directions. Conversely, advancement in the magnetic factor causes an escalation in surface drags force along the
y
-
direction. Higher Biot number and radiation parameter values enhance the heat transference proportion, whereas higher Brownian motion, thermophoresis, and Eckert number decrease the thermal flow rate. Additionally, escalation in chemical reaction, Schmidt number, and Brownian motions enhances the mass transfer rate. The numerical code for this work has satisfactory promise with the already published work. The insights gained from this analysis can be applied to enhance the efficiency of engineering processes where convective heat transfer is a critical factor, thereby improving the performance of various applications like cooling systems, heat exchangers, and other thermal management systems. The research findings have practical implications for industries seeking to optimize energy utilization and improve the thermal performance of their systems through the utilization of advanced nanofluid dynamics.
Journal Article
Viscosity of hybrid nanofluids: A critical review
The remarkable enhancement in heat transfer capabilities of conventional fluids with the addition of nanosized metallic and non-metallic particles appealed the attention of investigators towards the suspension of hybrid nanocomposites as a substitute of mono particles. Although these fluids manifest captivating thermal characteristics, the drawbacks associated with their application include high frictional effects and pumping power requirements. The major cause of aforementioned problems is the elevated viscosity. The current study summarizes the work of different investigators and discusses the critical factors affecting the viscosity of hybrid nanofluids such as temperature, particle concentration, pH value, particle size and morphology with a concise discussion on the reasons reported in the literature for the viscosity augmentation. Furthermore, the models developed by different investigators have also been discoursed with specified limitations. Comparison between the viscosity of mono and hybrid nanofluid is also presented comprehensively. It is observed that most of the studies considered the effect of particle concentration and temperature that the effect of these factors is more significant. Water-based nanofluids delivered better results in comparison of ethylene glycol-based nanofluids while the oil-based nanofluids preferred in the applications where the pumping power is not more significant. It has been noticed that the fluids containing tube shaped nanoparticles comparatively showed enhanced viscosity than that of spherically shaped nanoparticles. It has also been observed that the studies preferred to develop their own models for the prediction of viscosity rather than to use the existing models and failed to provide a universal correlation. nema
Journal Article
Hybrid-nanofluid magneto-convective flow and porous media contribution to entropy generation
Purpose
This paper aims to present a numerical study that investigates the flow of MgO-Al2O3/water hybrid nanofluid inside a porous elliptical-shaped cavity, in which we aim to examine the performance of this thermal system when exposed to a magnetic field via heat transfer features and entropy generation.
Design/methodology/approach
The configuration consists of the hybrid nanofluid out layered by a cold ellipse while it surrounds a non-square heated obstacle; the thermal structure is under the influence of a horizontal magnetic field. This problem is implemented in COMSOL multiphysics, which solves the related equations described by the “Darcy-Forchheimer-Brinkman” model through the finite element method.
Findings
The results illustrated as streamlines, isotherms and average Nusselt number, along with the entropy production, are given as functions of: the volume fraction, and shape factor to assess the behaviour of the properties of the nanoparticles. Darcy number and porosity to designate the impact of the porous features of the enclosure, and finally the strength of the magnetic induction described as Hartmann number. The outcomes show the increased pattern of the thermal and dynamical behaviour of the hybrid nanofluid when augmenting the concentration, shape factor, porosity and Darcy number; however, it also engenders increased formations of irreversibilities in the system that were revealed to enhance with the permeability and the great properties of the nanofluid. Nevertheless, this thermal enhanced pattern is shown to degrade with strong Hartmann values, which also reduced both thermal and viscous entropies. Therefore, it is advised to minimize the magnetic influence to promote better heat exchange.
Originality/value
The investigation of irreversibilities in nanofluids heat transfer is an important topic of research with practical implications for the design and optimization of heat transfer systems. The study’s findings can help improve the performance and efficiency of these systems, as well as contribute to the development of sustainable energy technologies. The study also offers an intriguing approach that evaluates entropy growth in this unusual configuration with several parameters, which has the potential to transform our understanding of complicated fluid dynamics and thermodynamic processes, and at the end obtain the best thermal configuration possible.
Journal Article