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The second phase of the ESRF upgrade program did not only provide a new storage ring (Extremely Brilliant Source, EBS) but also allowed several beamlines to be refurbished. The BioSAXS beamline (located on port BM29) was upgraded with a new wiggler source and a larger detector. All analysis software has been rewritten to cope with the increased data flux and continues to provide beamline users with reduced and pre‐processed data in real time. This article describes FreeSAS, an open‐source collection of various small‐angle scattering analysis algorithms needed to reduce and analyze BioSAXS data, and Dahu, the tool used to interface data analysis with beamline control. It further presents the data‐processing pipelines for the different data acquisitions modes of the beamline, using either a sample changer for individual homogeneous samples or an inline size‐exclusion chromatography setup. A detailed presentation of the automatic data analysis pipelines for the BioSAXS beamline at the European synchrotron.

Advances in nanotechnology have opened up new horizons in nanomedicine through the synthesis of new composite nanomaterials able to tackle the growing drug resistance in bacterial strains. Among these, nanosilver antimicrobials sow promise for use in the treatment of bacterial infections. The use of polydopamine (PDA) as a biocompatible carrier for nanosilver is appealing; however, the synthesis and functionalization steps used to obtain Ag-PDA nanoparticles (NPs) are complex and require time-consuming cleanup processes. Post-synthesis treatment can also hinder the stability and applicability of the material, and dry, offline characterization is time-consuming and unrepresentative of real conditions. The optimization of Ag-PDA preparation and purification together with well-defined characterization are fundamental goals for the safe development of these new nanomaterials. In this paper, we show the use of field-flow fractionation with multi-angle light scattering and spectrophotometric detection to improve the synthesis and quality control of the production of Ag-PDA NPs. An ad hoc method was able to monitor particle growth in a TLC-like fashion; characterize the species obtained; and provide purified, isolated Ag-PDA nanoparticles, which proved to be biologically active as antibacterial agents, while achieving a short analysis time and being based on the use of green, cost-effective carriers such as water.

Water quality monitoring is an essential component of water quality management for water utilities for managing the drinking water supply. Online UV-Vis spectrophotometers are becoming popular choices for online water quality monitoring and process control, as they are reagent free, do not require sample pre-treatments and can provide continuous measurements. The advantages of the online UV-Vis sensors are that they can capture events and allow quicker responses to water quality changes compared to conventional water quality monitoring. This review summarizes the applications of online UV-Vis spectrophotometers for drinking water quality management in the last two decades. Water quality measurements can be performed directly using the built-in generic algorithms of the online UV-Vis instruments, including absorbance at 254 nm (UV254), colour, dissolved organic carbon (DOC), total organic carbon (TOC), turbidity and nitrate. To enhance the usability of this technique by providing a higher level of operations intelligence, the UV-Vis spectra combined with chemometrics approach offers simplicity, flexibility and applicability. The use of anomaly detection and an early warning was also discussed for drinking water quality monitoring at the source or in the distribution system. As most of the online UV-Vis instruments studies in the drinking water field were conducted at the laboratory- and pilot-scale, future work is needed for industrial-scale evaluation with ab appropriate validation methodology. Issues and potential solutions associated with online instruments for water quality monitoring have been provided. Current technique development outcomes indicate that future research and development work is needed for the integration of early warnings and real-time water treatment process control systems using the online UV-Vis spectrophotometers as part of the water quality management system.

e-learning was underutilized in the past especially in developing countries. However, the current crisis of the COVID-19 pandemic forced the entire world to rely on it for education. To estimate the university medical staff perceptions, evaluate their experiences, recognize their barriers, challenges of e-learning during the COVID-19 pandemic, and investigate factors influencing the acceptance and use of e-learning as a tool teaching within higher education. Data was collected using an electronic questionnaire with a validated Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) for exploring factors that affect the acceptance and use of e-learning as a teaching tool among medical staff members, Zagazig University, Egypt. The majority (88%) of the staff members agreed that the technological skills of giving the online courses increase the educational value of the experience of the college staff. The rate of participant agreement on perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use, and acceptance of e-learning was (77.1%, 76.5%, and 80.9% respectively). The highest barriers to e-learning were insufficient/ unstable internet connectivity (40%), inadequate computer labs (36%), lack of computers/ laptops (32%), and technical problems (32%). Younger age, teaching experience less than 10 years, and being a male are the most important indicators affecting e-learning acceptance. This study highlights the challenges and factors influencing the acceptance, and use of e-learning as a tool for teaching within higher education. Thus, it will help to develop a strategic plan for the successful implementation of e-learning and view technology as a positive step towards evolution and change.

Mycosporine-like amino acids (MAAs), maximally absorbed in the wavelength region of 310–360 nm, are widely distributed in algae, phytoplankton and microorganisms, as a class of possible multi-functional compounds. In this work, based on the Web of Science, Springer, Google Scholar, and China national knowledge infrastructure (CNKI), we have summarized and analyzed the studies related to MAAs in marine macroalgae over the past 30 years (1990–2019), mainly focused on MAAs distribution, contents, and types. It was confirmed that 572 species marine macroalgae contained MAAs, namely in 45 species of Chlorophytes, 41 species of Phaeophytes, and 486 species of Rhodophytes, and they respectively belonged to 28 orders. On this basis, we established an open online database to quickly retrieve MAAs in 501 species of marine macroalgae. Furthermore, research concerning MAAs in marine macroalgae were analyzed using CiteSpace. It could easily be seen that the preparation and purification of MAAs in marine macroalgae have not been intensively studied during the past 10 years, and therefore it is necessary to strengthen the research in the preparation and purification of MAA purified standards from marine macroalgae in the future. We agreed that this process is not only interesting, but important due to the potential use of MAAs as food and cosmetics, as well as within the medicine industry.

The genus, which belongs to the Urticaceae family, has historically been used for medicinal purposes in Southeast Asia. However, its phytochemical potential and pharmacological mechanisms have not yet been adequately investigated. This review consolidates current data on the bioactive chemicals and therapeutic potential of spp. with an emphasis on (Blume) Merr. A comprehensive search was performed using the PubMed, Scopus, Google Scholar, and Web of Science databases. This study examined publications from 2015 to 2025 that explored the phytochemical composition and pharmacological properties of species. Terms such as \"Poikilospermum\", \"inflammatory\", \"phytochemicals\", \"anticancer\", \"ethnobotany\", \"phytochemistry\", \"pharmacological\", \"antimicrobial\", and \"antioxidant\". The investigation revealed various bioactive components such as flavonoids, tannins, alkaloids, and terpenoids, which contribute to the antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant capabilities of . Initial data indicated possible anticancer properties of ; however, additional research is required to validate these effects and elucidate the underlying pathways. species, particularly , is a promising source of bioactives; priority next steps include standardized in vivo studies, toxicity assessment, and targeted mechanistic work. Subsequent studies should focus on clinical trials and more in-depth inquiries into the mechanisms of action of identified substances.

This study analyzes the effects of COVID-19 confinement on the autonomous learning performance of students in higher education. Using a field experiment with 458 students from three different subjects at Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (Spain), we study the differences in assessments by dividing students into two groups. The first group (control) corresponds to academic years 2017/2018 and 2018/2019. The second group (experimental) corresponds to students from 2019/2020, which is the group of students that had their face-to-face activities interrupted because of the confinement. The results show that there is a significant positive effect of the COVID-19 confinement on students' performance. This effect is also significant in activities that did not change their format when performed after the confinement. We find that this effect is significant both in subjects that increased the number of assessment activities and subjects that did not change the student workload. Additionally, an analysis of students' learning strategies before confinement shows that students did not study on a continuous basis. Based on these results, we conclude that COVID-19 confinement changed students' learning strategies to a more continuous habit, improving their efficiency. For these reasons, better scores in students' assessment are expected due to COVID-19 confinement that can be explained by an improvement in their learning performance.

As of March 2021, the SARS-CoV-2 virus has been responsible for over 115 million cases of COVID-19 worldwide, resulting in over 2.5 million deaths. As the virus spread exponentially, so did its media coverage, resulting in a proliferation of conflicting information on social media platforms—a so-called “infodemic.” In this viewpoint, we survey past literature investigating the role of automated accounts, or “bots,” in spreading such misinformation, drawing connections to the COVID-19 pandemic. We also review strategies used by bots to spread (mis)information and examine the potential origins of bots. We conclude by conducting and presenting a secondary analysis of data sets of known bots in which we find that up to 66% of bots are discussing COVID-19. The proliferation of COVID-19 (mis)information by bots, coupled with human susceptibility to believing and sharing misinformation, may well impact the course of the pandemic.

Background Carbapenems are β-lactam antibiotics which are used to treat severe infections caused by multidrug resistant Enterobacteriacea . The recent emergence and rapid spread of Enterobacteriaceae resistant to carbapenems is a global concern. We undertook a systematic review of the antibiotic susceptibility and genotypic characteristics of carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae in Chinese neonates. Methods Systematic literature reviews were conducted (PubMed/Medline, Embase, Wanfang medical online databases, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) database) regarding sepsis caused by carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae in Chinese neonates aged 0-30 days. Results 17 studies were identified. Eleven patients in the six studies reported the source of infection. Ten patients (10/11, 90.9%) were hospital-acquired infections. Genotypic data were available for 21 isolates in 11 studies (20  K. pneumoniae , 1 E. coli ). NDM-1 was the most frequently reported carbapenem-resistant genotype (81.0%, 17/21). Carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae and Escherichia coli were resistant to many antibiotic classes with the exception of colistin and fosfomycin. Sequence type 105 (ST105) was the most commonly reported K. pneumoniae ST type (30.8%; 4/13), which was from the same hospital in Western China. ST17 and ST20 were the second and third most common K. pneumoniae ST type, 23.1% (3/13) and 15.4% (2/13) respectively. The three strains of ST17 are all from the same hospital in central China. The two strains of ST20, although not from the same hospital, belong to the eastern part of China. Conclusions Klebsiella pneumoniae with the NDM-1 genotype was the leading cause of neonatal carbapenem resistant sepsis in China. Hospital acquired infection is the main source of carbapenem resistant sepsis. There is currently no licenced antibiotic regimen available to treat such an infection in China. Improved surveillance, controlling nosocomial infection and the rational use of antibiotics are the key factors to prevent and reduce its spread.

Although faecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) has a well-established role in the treatment of recurrent Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI), its widespread dissemination is limited by several obstacles, including lack of dedicated centres, difficulties with donor recruitment and complexities related to regulation and safety monitoring. Given the considerable burden of CDI on global healthcare systems, FMT should be widely available to most centres.Stool banks may guarantee reliable, timely and equitable access to FMT for patients and a traceable workflow that ensures safety and quality of procedures. In this consensus project, FMT experts from Europe, North America and Australia gathered and released statements on the following issues related to the stool banking: general principles, objectives and organisation of the stool bank; selection and screening of donors; collection, preparation and storage of faeces; services and clients; registries, monitoring of outcomes and ethical issues; and the evolving role of FMT in clinical practice,Consensus on each statement was achieved through a Delphi process and then in a plenary face-to-face meeting. For each key issue, the best available evidence was assessed, with the aim of providing guidance for the development of stool banks in order to promote accessibility to FMT in clinical practice.