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The Vasari Corridor underwent significant interventions over the course of the 20th century, often prompted by historical or technical urgencies. The most recent restoration projects have focused on a reflection around the “restoration of previous restorations,” critically addressing 20th-century modifications, such as the false ceiling that was removed and reinstated, the post-war reconstruction of the arch over Via de’ Bardi, and the 19th-century openings. This article analyzes these interventions in light of archival sources, surveys, and structural investigations, offering a stratigraphic reading of the structure. The approach adopted is based on the principles of compatibility and historical memory, restoring the Corridor’s symbolic and museological function. As such, the case becomes a paradigm of critical restoration applied to a complex work, suspended between historical stratification and new conservation needs.

Before delving into the connections between linguistics and semiotics, it is essential to establish a clear demarcation between these fields, which necessitates a precise definition of each subject. However, the approach taken by Anton Zimmerling in this regard is subject to debate. For instance, in the discussion of semiotics, the focus tends to lean towards interpretations that recognize the dual understanding of signs, while unilateral conceptions of signs are often overlooked. Linguistics is typically confined to the study of language itself, and the treatment of linguistics concerning speech (text) is often seen as a concealed branch of philology. Moreover, it remains unclear whether the distinction between language and speech pertains to linguistics or philology. This ambiguity extends to the status of linguistic pragmatics. To address this issue constructively, it is useful to differentiate between five concepts encompassing language and speech: hermeneutics, philology, linguistics, semiotics, and pragmalinguistics. Each of these concepts delineates a specific ontology and corresponding methodological approach. By considering them as orthogonal axes within a fan matrix, one can identify 25 possible approaches for studying speech, including those that are currently employed and potential ones. Within this framework, philological linguistics, as discussed by Zimmerling, finds its place, and the transitions of scholars like Witzany from biohermeneutics to biopragmalinguistics and Ongstad’s shift from philology become more comprehensible.

This article offers a methodological contribution to the complex relationship between the critical editing of Old Church Slavonic texts and their linguistic interpretation. It focuses in particular on the challenges of reconciling textual criticism with both the reconstruction of a text’s original form and the identification of its place of composition. Given the unique nature of these texts and their transmission across different regions, editors often face considerable difficulties in accounting for historical linguistic shifts and manuscript alterations while attempting to restore an original version (Urtext or archetype). The study examines specific complications that emerge when textual variation, scribal interventions or errors, and diachronic linguistic developments intersect in the editorial process. Through the analysis of concrete examples from texts of probable or possible Czech provenance, it explores the challenges of restoring texts shaped by transmission across different territories and historical periods. These issues, in turn, raise critical questions about the creation of comprehensive and reliable dictionaries based on such editions, or used to justify specific linguistic decisions. Together, these two dimensions of editorial work create a dual dilemma, one that is particularly difficult to resolve, as it requires balancing textual restoration through a stemma codicum with rigorous linguistic analysis.

Robert Henricks’ Lao Tzu’s Tao Te Ching: A Translation of the Startling New Documents Found at Guodian marks a milestone in Daoist studies and translation history as the first complete English translation of the Guodian Laozi. However, systematic research on Henricks’ version remains limited, particularly regarding its philological foundation and translation strategies. Drawing on the concept of representation, this paper addresses the gap through a descriptive case study of Henricks’ work. By examining Henricks’ philological readings of dating, authorship, chapter divisions, textual variants, and philosophical thoughts, the study shows how he reconstructs and represents Daoist knowledge embedded in the Guodian Laozi. The findings suggest that Henricks, as both a translator and researcher, integrates rigorous philological studies with extensive paratexts, producing a version that both faithfully represents the text and offers new insights into its formation and philosophy. His translation has demonstrated the necessity of philological approaches for rendering Daoist and other ancient Chinese classics.

This study was conducted to investigate the polymorphism of ACTN3/EXON-19 gene and their relationship the performance of local horses in Iraq. This study was carried out at the Iraqi Equestrian Club (15 km west from Baghdad city center) period during d from 1 February to 30 December 2022, to investigate the gene polymorphism of ACTN3 region EXON-19 and their relationship with performance of local horses in Iraq. Were found three variants (3 SNPs) in the ACTN3 gene - exon 19 and in different locations, namely rs1148960207, whose genotypes were CC, CT, and TT, as their distribution rates were significantly different (P≤0.05). The ratios of heterogeneity rs1144413495 with genotypes CC, TC, and TT were 34.21, 60.53, and 5.26% that differ significantly at (P≤0.01), with an allelic frequency of 0.64 and 0.36 for the two alleles C and T, respectively. The variant rs1148960207 had a significant (P≤0.05) effect on post-exercise breathing depth, speed rate and body length. Moreover a highly significant (P≤0.01) effect on heart girth and forefoot height for local horses. In conclusion ACTN3 gene has a distinct role in some physiological traits like the number and depth of respiration after exercise, rate of speed, and some body measurements, like body length, heart girth, and frontal height.

Learning Management System (LMS) Moodle (Modular Object-Oriented Dynamic Learning Environment) is used by educators and institutions around the world and is an effective solution for creating and delivering engaging online courses. Moodle has also gained popularity in universities across Slovakia which have adopted it as their preferred Learning Management System for managing and providing e-learning content. The use of Moodle courses in university education in Slovakia has several benefits, including increased access to education for students, improved engagement and interaction between students and instructors, and greater flexibility for students in terms of when and where they can complete coursework. The paper aims to investigate the integration of this learning/content management system in the area of philology (linguistics/applied linguistics, translation, culture, literature, didactics) by analysing Moodle courses offered by the Department of English Language and Literature at Trnava University’s Faculty of Education. The study analyses existing Moodle courses from multiple perspectives to identify digital service advancements in philological study programs, including teacher and non-teacher training programs. The study examines various features of Moodle courses, including the number of courses offered, the subjects covered, course structure, learning materials employed, methods of assessment and feedback, communication and collaboration tools utilised, and integration of online and multimedia resources. The paper presents the essential findings and provides insights into the current situation. Identifying gaps in the existing state and suggesting areas for further research, aims to advance understanding in the field.