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Identifying spatiotemporal hotspots is important for understanding basic ecological processes, but is particularly important for species at risk. A number of terrestrial and aquatic species are indirectly affected by anthropogenic impacts, simply because they tend to be associated with species that are targeted for removals. Using newly developed statistical models that allow for the inclusion of time-varying spatial effects, we examine how the co-occurrence of a targeted and nontargeted species can be modeled as a function of environmental covariates (temperature, depth) and interannual variability. The nontarget species in our case study (eulachon) is listed under the U.S. Endangered Species Act, and is encountered by fisheries off the U.S. West Coast that target pink shrimp. Results from our spatiotemporal model indicated that eulachon bycatch risk decreases with depth and has a convex relationship with sea surface temperature. Additionally, we found that over the 2007-2012 period, there was support for an increase in eulachon density from both a fishery data set (+40%) and a fishery-independent data set (+55%). Eulachon bycatch has increased in recent years, but the agreement between these two data sets implies that increases in bycatch are not due to an increase in incidental targeting of eulachon by fishing vessels, but because of an increasing population size of eulachon. Based on our results, the application of spatiotemporal models to species that are of conservation concern appears promising in identifying the spatial distribution of environmental and anthropogenic risks to the population.

In this study, effect of chitosan films combined with orange ( Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck) peel essential oil on the shelf life of deepwater pink shrimp ( Parapenaeus longirostris Lucas 1846) was aimed. Chitosan (CH) and 2% orange peel essential oil (OPEO) combinated chitosan (CH+OPEO) were used for preparing film forming solution. Thickness and microstructure of the films, nutritional composition, sensory and melanosis evaluation, chemical, physical, and microbiological analyses were performed periodically and shelf-life was performed during the storage period of 15 days. The combination of chitosan film with OPEO was effective in prolonging the shelf life of fresh shrimps to 15 days (CH+OPEO), whereas the only chitosan-coated group had a shelf life of 10 days (CH) and the samples packaged without chitosan film had a shelf life of 7 days (control). The results of the study suggested that edible chitosan coatings together with OPEO preserved the shrimps and maintained the shelf life throughout the refrigerated storage period.

The present study reports the occurrence of several specimens of the penaeid shrimp Penaeus notialis in the Gulf of Cadiz (Spain). The southern pink shrimp is a penaeid originating from east and west Atlantic tropical coastal waters. New observations of tropical species in temperate waters have increased in the last 20 years. This species may have been able to expand successfully northward to European waters, probably favored by global warming, although an accidental introduction by ballast waters cannot be completely discarded. The widespread presence of African biota such as P. notialis in the Gulf of Cadiz ecosystem underscores the necessity of establishing a long-term monitoring program that focuses on this and other currently established non-native species.

The objective of the present work was to determine the influence of artificial substrates that increase the area for biofilm development on the production performance of Farfantepenaeus paulensis juveniles in pens. Shrimp were stocked at a density of 20/m2 in pen structures (bottom area = 50 m2) that were installed in the Patos Lagoon estuary. Two treatments with three repetitions were analyzed, where artificial substrates (polyethylene nets—1-mm mesh size) were added to increase the area for biofilm development by 100%, and where no substrates were added. During the experimental period, the biomass and the composition of the biofilm were assessed. After 86 days of rearing, no significant differences were found in shrimp performance between the treatments (p > 0.05). However, the examination of the chlorophyll a, dry weight, and composition of the biofilm indicated that the shrimp were actively consuming the biofilm attached to the artificial substrates. Significant decreases in the abundances of nematodes > 500 μm after the 56th day and of tintinnids and rotifers between day 28 and day 42, indicated that the shrimp were selectively predating on these organisms. Moreover, a decrease in the chlorophyll a concentration in the biofilm suggests that the shrimp were consuming the microalgae. Although the increase in the area for biofilm development did not improve shrimp performance, the shrimp presented the highest growth rates when they consumed most of the biofilm microorganisms.

This study establishes the season for the immigration (recruitment) of Penaeus setiferus and P. duorarum postlarvae into Términos Lagoon, México, as well as the hydrological conditions that occur during this event. The abundance of postlarvae of both species was used to infer the reproductive period for each species. The zooplankton collection was carried out monthly for three years. The nets used were 50 cm in diameter, 1.5 m in length and 505 μm mesh size, and temperature and salinity were measured with an YSI. The fluvial discharges were taken from Comisión Nacional del Agua (CONAGUA). The harmonic pattern variation (HPV) was analyzed for each variable (density of postlarvae, salinity, temperature and fluvial discharge). A cycle was analyzed and divided into two episodes (rise and descent) to estimate the HPV of each postlarval species. The entrance of both postlarval species starts from June to September, with higher density in August, which decreases from October to May, with the lowest density in March. The first episode was established from June to August and the second episode in September. During the first episode the hydrological conditions were: high salinity (34), a warm temperature (30ºC) and low accumulated fluvial discharge (2,828 m3 s-1), while, in the second, they were low salinity (28), a moderately warm temperature (29ºC) and high accumulated fluvial discharge (3,934 m3 s-1).

The industrial double rig trawl fisheries are an important extractive activity in the southeastern and southern Brazil where near 300 vessels participate, targeting their catch to the sea-bob shrimp, pink shrimp and demersal fishes, such as flatfishes and monkfish. In order to advance in the fishery management, a general characterization of the trawl fleet operating in the area was done, identifying the patterns of nets used and the hydrodynamic performance of the nets observed by means of dynamic simulation. 194 vessels of Santa Catarina State and 130 vessels from other areas, mainly built in steel and wood, were identified. The largest size, tonnage, and capacity, correspond to those vessels working upon demersal and oceanic fishes. On the other hand, the most abundant vessels were those working upon pink shrimp (230 vessels). Regarding the nets, different patterns were identified according to the catch of target species; the smaller nets were used to catch shrimps (sea-bob and pink shrimp) and the largest were used to catch fishes. Mixed nets were also identified, characterized by similar dimensions of nets to catch fish but with mesh sizes of shrimp nets. From the simulations, different performance functions were adjusted according to each founded pattern; these functions will serve to calculate net's spread, their shape relationship, and the hydrodynamic drag forces.

Traditional techniques of smoking and sun drying were investigated to understand their effects on nutritional qualities of Southern pink shrimp against present human dietary needs. Shrimps subjected to hot smoking at 71 °C and sun drying at ambient temperature of 31 °C treatments were compared to fresh samples. Proximate composition dry weight basis showed that smoked product were highest in protein and carbohydrate ( P  < 0.05) while fat was raised in sundried products ( P  < 0.05). The monounsaturated fatty acid (MUFAs) were highest ranging from 35.87 to 40.35 % in all products. Oleic acid (18:1) had highest value of 24.26 % in the smoked. Eicosapentanoic acid (C20:5 n-3) was highest in the sundried while Docosahexaenoic acid (C22:6 n-3) predominated in the fresh. The shrimp protein had Glutamate as the most abundant amino acid in the three forms. Both preservation methods significantly ( P  < 0.01) raised the values of tyrosine, histidine and leucine. The Ω-3/Ω-6 ratios showed that prawn is rich in omega 3. The highest arginine/lysine ratio (1.54) was obtained in sundried. The EAA/NEAA ratios ranged from 0.72 to 0.80 while index of atherogenicity (IA) and index of thrombogenicity (IT) ranged from 0.71 to 0.82 and 0.21 to 0.30 respectively in all forms. All products forms showed different advantages with respect to quality and nutrition, smoked samples however, offered the best benefits. Information provided is the first detailed study on the impacts of smoking and sun-drying on the nutritional qualities of a shrimp with tremendous economic and nutritional importance.

Aim of the research was to evaluate the effects of frozen storage on the quality of two Mediterranean wild shrimps, namely Parapenaeus longirostris (deepwater pink shrimp) and Parapandalus narval (narwal shrimp) in order to promote the marketing of these littleknown shrimp species as frozen products, strengthening and enhancing their economic value. Quality changes were determined by sensory evaluation combined with chemical and chemical/physical analyses, including determination of volatile aroma constituents. In particular, raw and cooked shrimp samples were evaluated at various frozen storage intervals up to sixteen months. The variation observed for the chemical and chemicalphysical indices did not diminish the sensory quality of both shrimp species. The results confirmed that freezing allows maintaining a good sensory quality of the considered shrimp species. Keywords: Deepwater pink shrimp, frozen storage, narwal shrimp, sensory evaluation, volatile aroma compounds

The objective of this study was to develop high-quality shrimp sauce using Alaskan pink shrimp and nonglutinous rice cultivar Tsuyahime koji. The liquefaction rates of mashes were high at approximately 75.1-81.2 % after fermentation for 8 months. The salt contents of sauces were remarkably low at approximately 6.5-7.2 g/100 g in comparison with those of commercially available (CA) fish sauces. The tested sauces showed not only significantly high antioxidative activities and scavenging abilities against reactive oxygen species (ROS) but also powerful angiotensin I-converting enzyme (ACE) and hyaluronidase inhibitory activities. Sensory analysis revealed that the sauce No. 7 prepared using 30 wt.% koji to broiled shrimp exhibited superior taste strength, taste balance, first taste, and aftertaste and had strong sweetness and umami and weak bitterness and saltiness among the tested sauces. In addition, it was rich in essential amino acids. Therefore, reduced-salt alaskan pink shrimp sauces fermented with nonglutinous rice cultivar Tsuyahime koji could be utilized as alternatives of CA fish sauces, which is demanded for consumers and fish sauce industries. Moreover, these may be contributed to the prevention and cures of lifestyle-related diseases and allergy.

Laboratory experiments were conducted to determine whether turbulence could be an environmental cue associated with the behavior of pink shrimp Farfantepenaeus duorarum postlarvae during their flood-tide migration to the nursery grounds. Postlarvae were exposed to variations of turbulent kinetic energy (TKE) generated by the flow speed of a water pump and variations of combined flow speed and vertical motions of an actuator-driven cylinder array. The position and swimming activity of the postlarvae were recorded using a video camera. Images of postlarvae were analyzed at 3 depths of the water column (upper half, bottom half, and floor of the experimental chamber). During trials varying flow speed alone, both TKE levels (<0.009 cm² s−2) and the number of postlarvae in the upper half of the water column were low, suggesting that the TKE levels were below their stimulation threshold. In contrast, swimming activity increased substantially during trials incorporating additional TKE generated by the actuator. TKE levels varied between 1.1 and 3.5 cm² s−2, and postlarvae vertical position reflected increases and decreases in TKE. A statistically significant (p <0.05) higher percentage of postlarvae in the upper half of the water column coincided with high TKE values. Increases in postlarval response relative to increases in TKE diminished after reaching TKE values of 2.5 cm² s−2, suggesting a dose-limited behavioral response. This trend was supported by a significant horizontally asymptotic regression of change in postlarval response against percent change in TKE relative to the previous time step. The results suggest turbulence involvement during flood-tidal migration behavior of this species. During most of the flood tide, TKE levels would be sufficiently high to stimulate postlarvae to swim in the water column and remain there while moving in the direction of settlement habitats. At the end of the flood tide, as the TKE decreases, postlarvae would descend to near the bottom.