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The encyclopedia of cut flowers : what flowers to buy, when to buy them, and how to keep them alive longer
\"From Calvert Crary, author of Flower School and executive director of FlowerSchool NY and FlowerSchool LA, The Encyclopedia of Cut Flowers is a first-of-its-kind, beautiful yet practical guide to buying and caring for 146 different varieties of cut flowers, including information on how to get the most for your money by prolonging the life of your flowers\"-- Provided by publisher.
BOOK
Recent Advancement in Postharvest Loss Mitigation and Quality Management of Fruits and Vegetables Using Machine Learning Frameworks
Agriculture is an important component of the concept of sustainable development. Given the projected population growth, sustainable agriculture must accomplish food security while also being economically viable, socially responsible, and having the least possible impact on biodiversity and natural ecosystems. Deep learning has shown to be a sophisticated approach for big data analysis, with several successful cases in image processing, object identification, and other domains. It has lately been applied in food science and engineering. Among the issues and concerns addressed by these systems were food recognition; quality detection of fruits, vegetables, meat, and aquatic items; food supply chain; and food contamination. In precision agriculture, Artificial Intelligence (AI) is a commonly used technology for estimating food quality. It is especially important when evaluating crops at different phases of harvest and postharvest. Crop disease and damage detection is a high-priority activity because some postharvest diseases or damages, such as decay, can destroy crops and produce poisons that are toxic to humans. In this paper, we use Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs)-based U-Net, DeepLab, and Mask R-CNN models to detect and predict postharvest deterioration zones in stored apple fruits. Our approach is unique in that it segmented and predicted postharvest decay and nondecay zones in fruits separately. This review will focus on postharvest physiology and management of fruits and vegetables, including harvesting, handling, packing, storage, and hygiene, to reduce postharvest loss (PHL) and improve crop quality. It will also cover postharvest handling under extreme weather conditions and potential impacts of climate change on vegetable postharvest and postharvest biotechnology on PHL.
Journal Article
Postharvest Quality of Strawberry Fruit (Fragaria x Ananassa Duch cv. Albion) as Affected by Ozone Washing: Fungal Spoilage, Mechanical Properties, and Structure
Fil: Contigiani, Eunice Valentina. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Departamento de Industrias; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina
Journal Article
Food waste within food supply chains: quantification and potential for change to 2050
Food waste in the global food supply chain is reviewed in relation to the prospects for feeding a population of nine billion by 2050. Different definitions of food waste with respect to the complexities of food supply chains (FSCs)are discussed. An international literature review found a dearth of data on food waste and estimates varied widely; those for post-harvest losses of grain in developing countries might be overestimated. As much of the post-harvest loss data for developing countries was collected over 30 years ago, current global losses cannot be quantified. A significant gap exists in the understanding of the food waste implications of the rapid development of ‘BRIC’ economies. The limited data suggest that losses are much higher at the immediate post-harvest stages in developing countries and higher for perishable foods across industrialized and developing economies alike. For affluent economies, post-consumer food waste accounts for the greatest overall losses. To supplement the fragmentary picture and to gain a forward view, interviews were conducted with international FSC experts. The analyses highlighted the scale of the problem, the scope for improved system efficiencies and the challenges of affecting behavioural change to reduce post-consumer waste in affluent populations.
Journal Article
Lettuce postharvest quality: Affordable packing and storage durations
The affordability of packaging materials and proper storage facilities to preserve the quality of lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) has become a problematic issue for small-scale farmers in Malaysia, who have limited resources and rely on their crops for income. This study compares the post-harvest quality preservation of lettuce using plastic bags and newspapers as cost-effective packaging materials under storage durations of 0, 3, 6, 12, and 15 days. The lettuce quality parameters measured were chlorophyll, sucrose, weight loss, and overall visual quality (OVQ). The results showed newspapers had the highest mean weight loss (7.91 g), while plastic had the lowest one (5.81 g). However, chlorophyll content did not significantly differ between the two packaging types. Lettuce packaged in plastic bags had a significantly lower total soluble solids (TSS) content mean value (2.89%) compared to newspaper (3.89%). In addition, the plastic bag materials gave a better OVQ than that of the newspaper. Generally, the use of plastic bags as a packaging option for small-scale lettuce farmers in Malaysia is affordable and readily available.
Journal Article
Multifunctional role of brassinosteroid and its analogues in plants
Brassinosteroids (BRs) are steroid hormones that are essential for plant growth and development. These hormones control the division, elongation and differentiation of various cell types throughout the entire plant life cycle. Over the past few decades, studies on BRs caught the attention of plant scientists due to their versatile ability in mitigating various environmental stresses. Additionally, BR also involved in maintaining the quality of postharvest produces, by enhancing their resistance against abiotic and biotic stress. Furthermore, BRs are non-toxic and eco-friendly; this aids its importance in coping with adverse environmental conditions without disturbing the balance of the ecosystem. Our review summarized the structural characteristic and distribution of BRs in plants, role in postharvest technology, biotic stress tolerance, improving resistance against pesticide, organic pollutant toxicity and nodule formation and mycorrhization. This review provides useful information on BRs and its effects on plant system that we believe could be useful in maintaining environmental sustainability.
Journal Article
The Use of Visible LEDs as Technology to Delay Postharvest Senescence of Vegetables: A Review
In the last decade, a lot of research works and reviews have evaluated the effect of LED treatments during the postharvest storage of green vegetables. The curious thing is that, for the same vegetable, some works have shown that LED treatments improve postharvest life, while other researches have shown the opposite. Knowledge of the effects of light on the postharvest metabolism of each vegetable is needed to understand such contradictory results and to develop appropriate applications of postharvest LED technology to improve product quality. In this review, the role of visible light in the regulation of the postharvest senescence of green vegetables will be discussed. The information obtained so far suggests that low-intensity visible light, either continuous or pulsed, can maintain the quality of green tissues after harvest by delaying the onset of senescence and/or by improving their nutritional quality. The results also showed that the effect of LED technology depends on the duration of treatment, the intensity and the quality of the light used, and the type of vegetable irradiated. Studies have shown that both, white and red light, are effective to delay senescence, whereas blue light primarily enhances the antioxidant system with little or no effect in delaying senescence. To date, the published evidence strongly suggests that phytochromes (photoreceptors activated by red light) and phytochrome-interacting factors (PIFs) are involved in the delay of postharvest senescence symptoms.
Journal Article
Chitosan Controls Postharvest Decay and Elicits Defense Response in Kiwifruit
Chitosan is an eco-friendly alternative to synthetic fungicides for managing postharvest decay of fruits and vegetables. The ability of chitosan to enhance resistance to postharvest gray (
Botrytis cinerea
) and blue mold (
Penicillium expansum
) in kiwifruit was investigated. The gene expression and activity of antioxidant enzymes, and total phenolic compounds were determined. Results showed that chitosan at 5 g/L significantly inhibited gray and blue mold in kiwifruit stored at 25 and 4 °C. Chitosan significantly induced the gene expression of
catalase
,
superoxide dismutase
, and
ascorbate peroxidase
, as well as increased the enzyme activity. Moreover, chitosan markedly increased the content of total phenolic compounds in kiwifruit. Importantly, chitosan also exhibited beneficial effects on fruit quality. Taken together, the ability of chitosan to reduce mold in stored kiwifruit may be associated with the elicitation of host defense response. These results have practical implications for the application of chitosan to reduce postharvest losses.
Journal Article
Decoding the fruit microbiome: A climate smart strategy to manage postharvest decays
There is an urgent necessity to shift our diets toward those rich in fruits and vegetables and at reduce postharvest losses of perishables. Approximately 20%–50% of fruits and vegetables are lost due to poor postharvest handling and pathogen infections in developing countries while it was estimated as 5%–35% in developed countries. Fresh fruits have evolved with a plethora of microorganisms having important roles in maintaining fruit health. However, little information is available on the dynamics, structure, and functional capacities of underpinning fruit microbiomes. The present review discussed environmental conditions favoring fruit-harbored antagonists and their different modes of action for suppressing postharvest pathogens in fruits. It also provides information on omics technologies such as next-generation sequencing (NGS), metaproteomics, metatranscriptomic, and metabolomics studies to characterize fruit microbiomes. With the advent of NGS and meta-omics technologies, microbiome research could bring remarkable development and understanding in succeeding biological treatments. In addition, they may provide us with a fundamental understanding of microclimate requirements for fruit microbiome establishment and microbiome shifts during post-harvest storage, which would be advantageous in developing composite biocontrol treatments for post-harvest decay management.
Journal Article
Fibulorhizoctonia psychrophila is the causal agent of lenticel spot on apple and pear fruit in the Netherlands
In a survey for postharvest diseases of apples and pears in the Netherlands, an unknown postharvest fruit rot was observed. The disease appeared to originate from infected lenticels. A fungus was consistently isolated from the decayed fruits. The fungal pathogen was isolated on potato dextrose agar, and at low temperatures development of a fast-growing whitish mycelium was observed. Growth of this fungus was observed between 1 and 20 °C with an optimum at 15 °C, while incubation of mycelium at 25 °C resulted in no growth. The isolates did not produce asexual or sexual spores. The isolates were characterized and identified by morphology and molecular phylogenetic analysis. Genomic DNA was isolated and amplified using ITS1-ITS4, EF1 and RPB2 primers, and BLAST searches in GenBank placed the fungus taxonomically in the genus Fibulorhizoctonia, with the highest matches to F. psychrophila. Pathogenicity of representative isolates from apple and pear fruit was confirmed under laboratory conditions. To the best of our knowledge this is the first report of F. psychrophila causing lenticel spot on apple and pear, and also the cause of a whitish mould on storage bins.
Journal Article