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In recent decades, the rapid rise in electricity demand has compelled transmission and distribution systems to operate at almost their maximum capacity. This can pose numerous technical challenges such as excessive power losses, voltage and transient instabilities, as well as reduced power quality and reliability. Employment of Flexible Alternating Current Transmission System (FACTS) devices can be an effective approach to obviate such challenges and reinforce the power system functionality. Nevertheless, FACTS devices require a high initial investment, and hence their optimal allocation in terms of various aspects such as type, size and location is of utmost importance. This cannot be achieved without the deployment of optimization techniques. The aim of this paper is to provide a comprehensive review of the existing proposals for the enhancement of power system performance adopting FACTS devices. Adhering to that, an in-depth analysis is carried out, in which the most pertinent options are classified into specific groups based on their optimization objectives. Finally, a comparative analysis is accomplished in which the main attributes and drawbacks of each optimization technique are presented.

Increasing penetrations of interoperable distributed energy resources (DER) in the electric power system are expanding the power system attack surface. Maloperation or malicious control of DER equipment can now cause substantial disturbances to grid operations. Fortunately, many options exist to defend and limit adversary impact on these newly-created DER communication networks, which typically traverse the public internet. However, implementing these security features will increase communication latency, thereby adversely impacting real-time DER grid support service effectiveness. In this work, a collection of software tools called SCEPTRE was used to create a co-simulation environment where SunSpec-compliant photovoltaic inverters were deployed as virtual machines and interconnected to simulated communication network equipment. Network segmentation, encryption, and moving target defence security features were deployed on the control network to evaluate their influence on cybersecurity metrics and power system performance. The results indicated that adding these security features did not impact DER-based grid control systems but improved the cybersecurity posture of the network when implemented appropriately.

This study shows how performance of power systems can be enhanced through static var compensator (SVC) integration in power systems. Using the Newton-Raphson method on MATLAB and power system analysis toolbox (PSAT), we will analyze a standard 6 bus IEEE test system. The study presents a 2 methods approach. The study analyzes two operational scenarios: one with no control and another with TSC-TCR type SVC installed at Bus 5 of an optimized system. The analytical framework using L-index, which at Bus 5 must be less than 1 with L-index value of 0.42 obtained by incorporating voltage stability index and loss sensitivity factors show that Bus 5 is suitable for SVC placement to minimize losses and thus optimal placement is justified. The compensator can regulate voltage with a droop characteristic of 3% and a dynamic range of ± 50 MVar. The results obtained from the simulation show that the active power losses can be reduced from 13.735 MW to 12.710 MW which is a reduction of 7.5% and the reactive power losses can be reduced from 43.942 MVar to 40.893 MVar by 6.9%. Moreover, the voltage profile of critical buses can be improved by 38% vis-à-vis the nominal voltage level. The analysis predicts a 41.4% increase in power transfer capability with simulations showing 38.7%. MATLAB and PSAT show good consistency with maximum differences of less than 2.1%. The results explain that either tool can be used for flexible ac transmission systems (FACTS) studies. MATLAB allows detailed algorithmic control and PSAT offers complete system modeling capabilities. This study offers a validated approach to optimal SVC placement, quantifies loss reduction and voltage enhancement, compares simulation tools, and provides a reproducible multinational case study to power system engineering, useful for researchers and practitioners of power system. The findings provide valuable insights to enhance grid stability and efficiency utilizing FACTS technology.

System possibilities in power frameworks frequently add to over-stacking of system branches, inadmissible voltages and issues of voltage steadiness/voltage collapse. Optimal power flow (OPF) is a static nonlinear programming issue which enhances a specific target work while fulfilling a lot of physical and operational imperatives forced by gear confinements and security/voltage dependability requirements. Flexible AC transmission systems (FACTS) apparatus are coordinated in power frameworks for controlling force stream to enhance the execution of the power frameworks under both ordinary activity and system contingency. This paper presents a new algorithm named Modified Adaptive Differential Evaluation to limit the generator fuel cost in ideal power stream control with Flexible AC Transmission systems and voltage soundness constraints. The FACTS apparatus considered here incorporate static synchronous compensator (STATCOM) and static synchronous series compensator (SSSC). The proposed methodology has been inspected and tried on the IEEE 30-bus test network. A few cases were explored to test and approve the power of the proposed strategy in finding the ideal arrangements under both ordinary activity and chose system possibility conditions. Test results show that the proposed methodology can get better arrangement and requires less CPU time than the calculations announced in the writing.

Phasor Measurement Units (PMUs) have enabled real-time power grid monitoring and control applications realizing an integrated power grid and communication system. The communication network formed by PMUs has strict latency requirements. If PMU measurements cannot reach the control centre within the latency bound, they will be invalid for calculation and may compromise the observability of the whole power grid as well as related applications. To address this issue, this study proposes a model to account for the power grid observability under communication constraints, where effective capacity is adopted to perform a cross-layer statistical analysis in the communication system. Based on this model, three algorithms are proposed for improving power grid observability, which are an observability redundancy algorithm, an observability sensitivity algorithm and an observability probability algorithm. These three algorithms aim at enhancing the power system observability via the optimal communication resource allocation for a given grid infrastructure. Case studies show that the proposed algorithms can improve the power system performance under constrained wireless communication resources.

Subhourly modeling of power systems and the use of the stochastic optimization are two relevant solutions proposed in the literature to address the integration of stochastic renewable energy sources. With this aim, this paper deals with the effect of different formulations of the subhourly stochastic unit commitment (SUC) problem on power system dynamics. Different SUC models are presented and embedded into time domain simulations (TDS) through a cosimulation platform. The objective of the paper is to study the combined impact of different frequency control/machine parameters and different SUC formulations on the long-term dynamic behaviour of power systems. The analysis is based on extensive Monte Carlo TDS (MC-TDS) and a variety of scenarios based on the New England 39-bus system.

Vietnam’s economy has been growing rapidly in the last 20 years, leading to significant increases in energy consumption as well as in carbon emissions. Most electricity is consumed by loads of industry and construction due to the country’s socio-economic development strategy. An energy saving strategy cannot be achieved if the industry factories lack energy consumption data. The installation of energy monitoring systems can help to improve energy efficiency by supplying daily, monthly, and yearly energy consumption reports. Moreover, major energy-consuming enterprises in Vietnam must implement solutions for energy-efficient use as prescribed in the Law on Energy Efficient Use. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the impact of an energy monitoring system as an improvement solution for energy efficiency in a typical major energy-consuming enterprise in Vietnam. The study’s results, after six months, show that the total saved electricity after installing the power monitoring system was 191,923 kWh. The company saved approximately 19.584 USD and reduced emission to the environment by 139 tons of CO2. In addition, the return on investment time of power monitoring systems is about 14 months, while the annual energy costs of the factory can be reduced by about 9.62% per year. Therefore, power monitoring systems should be promoted in factories with different scales to control energy wastage in the domestic industry field.

The large-scale deployment of pervasive sensors and decentralized computing in modern smart grids is expected to exponentially increase the volume of data exchanged by power system applications. In this context, the research for scalable and flexible methodologies aimed at supporting rapid decisions in a data rich, but information limited environment represents a relevant issue to address. To this aim, this paper investigates the role of Knowledge Discovery from massive Datasets in smart grid computing, exploring its various application fields by considering the power system stakeholder available data and knowledge extraction needs. In particular, the aim of this paper is dual. In the first part, the authors summarize the most recent activities developed in this field by the Task Force on “Enabling Paradigms for High-Performance Computing in Wide Area Monitoring Protective and Control Systems” of the IEEE PSOPE Technologies and Innovation Subcommittee. Differently, in the second part, the authors propose the development of a data-driven forecasting methodology, which is modeled by considering the fundamental principles of Knowledge Discovery Process data workflow. Furthermore, the described methodology is applied to solve the load forecasting problem for a complex user case, in order to emphasize the potential role of knowledge discovery in supporting post processing analysis in data-rich environments, as feedback for the improvement of the forecasting performances.

The current distribution of power markets around intermediate structures between full integration and unbundling suggests that there has not been a linear path to reform in practice. Instead, many developing countries may retain intermediate structures in the foreseeable future. This possibility exposes a large gap in understanding about power market structures, since most theoretical work has focused on the two extreme structures and there is limited evidence on the impact of unbundling for developing countries.The study reports the evidence from statistical analysis and a representative sample of twenty case studies selected based on the initial conditions, such as income and power system size. It proposes a novel analytical approach to model market structure, together with ownership and regulation, controlling for several variables, as a key determinant of performance across several indicators, including access, operational and financial performance and environmental sustainability. The results of the analysis provide the following conclusions for policy guidance on power market restructuring for developing countries:• There seems to be credible empirical basis for selecting a threshold power system size and per capita income level below which unbundling of the power supply chain is not expected to be worthwhile. Indeed a dichotomy emerges between high income countries characterized by a large system size for which unbundling and other reforms are significantly linked to better performance and low income countries characterized by small system power size for which there is no strong evidence that unbundling and other reforms delivered improvements in performance.• Unbundling deliver consistently superior results across the board of performance indicators when used as an entry point to implement broader reforms, particularly introducing a sound regulatory framework, reducing the degree of concentration of the generation and distribution segments of the market by attracting additional number of both public and private players and encouraging private sector participation. • Partial forms of vertical unbundling do not appear to drive improvements, probably because the owner was able to continue exercising control over the affairs of the sector and hinder the development of competitive pressure within the power market.

The main contribution of this paper is a description of a formal method and tool to estimate the expected changes of power system performance and reliability indexes, due to the contribution of wide-area protection and monitoring schemes (WAMPS). The resulting model is capable of estimating their impact to not only grid resilience and inoperability, but also reliability and availability metrics, like Expected Energy and Demand Not Supplied (EENS, EDNS), Loss of Load Probability and Expectation (LOLP, LOLE), for each bus, agent, consumer and distributed generator. A small, multicompany power system is used to illustrate the approach.