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Significant construction and demolition waste (CDW) is produced by many useless concrete buildings, bridges, airports, highways, railways, industrial mining, etc. The rising need for new construction has increased the use of natural materials, impacting the ecosystem and incurring high costs from mining natural aggregates (NA) and processing CDW. The concept and implementation of recycled aggregate concrete (RAC) offer a sustainable solution for the concrete industry. Crushed concrete, made from recycled concrete, can be used instead of natural aggregates in structural concrete. This sustainable byproduct, recycled concrete aggregate (RCA), has the potential to replace natural aggregate. This paper examines the benefits of RAC from economic, social, environmental, and technological perspectives and discusses the replacement ratio (RR)—the weight percentage of natural aggregate replaced by recycled aggregate—which is crucial to RAC performance. A collection of used data on mechanical properties and economic performance, national specifications, standards, and guidelines is reviewed to determine the optimal replacement ratio for RCA, which was found to be 20%. Finally, we discuss the challenges and future of using RAC in structural concrete.

These Lipid Association of India (LAI) recommendations refer to specific patient populations. They follow the previously published LAI part 1 recommendations. These part 2 LAI recommendations focus on specific patient groups. These include patients with heart failure, chronic kidney disease, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, cerebrovascular disease, thyroid disorders, inflammatory joint diseases, familial hypercholesterolaemia and human immunodeficiency virus infection. We also consider women, the elderly and post-transplantation patients. The current recommendations are based, as much as possible, on available data from Indian populations.

Compressive strengths of recycled aggregate concrete(RAC) with different recycled aggregates(RA) replacement ratios at 7d, 28d, 60d ages are investigated respectively. Failure process and failure mode of RAC are analyzed, influences on compressive strength with same mix ratio and different RA replacement ratios are analyzed, and the reason is investigated in this paper. The experimental results indicate that compressive strength of recycled concrete at 28d age can reach the standard generally, it is feasible to mix concrete with recycled aggregates, compressive strength with 50% replacement ratio is relatively high.