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"stress memory"
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Stress responses induced by pre-germination treatments and their identification based on seed germination patterns
Tomato is an important vegetable crop in the world and the fruit is widely known as food and as a protector of health. Seed priming improves its germination potential, better seedling establishment, and vigorous growth. Seed priming in water or chemical solutions is a pre-germination treatment that induces mild or stressful stress during the early phases of germination. The primed seed builds a ‘priming memory’ necessary to configure an \"acquired stress response\" and upon subsequent stress exposures, they respond more quickly and robustly. The tomato seeds were primed in water (20 h at 20-21 oC) and in 200 mM NaCl and KNO3 solutions (10 days at 28-29 oC) (stressful condition) to induce stress responses which were characterized in terms of their patterns of germination and velocity of germination, expressed as the time (hours) to 50 per cent germination (T50), when primed seeds were set to germinate in water and wastewater (stressful conditions). Four replicates of 25 seeds on sheets of filter paper in Petri dishes were moistened with 4 mL of distilled water or wastewater and set to germinate (28-29 oC). KNO3 induced the fastest and strongest stress response. The T50 of germination in water (15 h) and wastewater (27 h) and the patterns of germination were different from those induced by the NaCl solution. T50of seeds germinated in water (41 h) and wastewater (39 h) required more time for the seeds primed in the NaCl solution The induced stress responses did not affect the total germination.
Journal Article
Programming of One- and Two-Step Stress Recovery in a Poly(ester urethane)
This work demonstrates that phase-segregated poly(ester urethane) (PEU) with switching segments of crystallizable poly(1,4-butylene adipate) (PBA) can be programmed to generate two separate stress recovery events upon heating under constant strain conditions. For programming, two elongations are applied at different temperatures, followed by unloading and cooling. During the adjacent heating, two-step stress recovery is triggered. The results indicate that the magnitude of the stress recovery signals corresponds to the recovery of the two deformation stresses in reverse order. As demonstrated by further experiments, twofold stress recovery can be detected as long as the elongation at higher temperature exceeds the strain level of the deformation at lower temperature. Another finding includes that varying the lower deformation temperature enables a control over the stress recovery temperature and thus the implementation of so-called “temperature-memory effects”. Moreover, exerting only one elongation during programming enables a heating-initiated one-step stress recovery close to the deformation temperature. Based on these findings, such polymers may offer new technological opportunities in the fields of active assembly when used as fastening elements and in functional clothing when utilized for compression stockings.
Journal Article
Hystopia
\"By the early 1970s, President John F. Kennedy has survived several assassination attempts and--martyred, heroic--is now in his third term. Twenty-two-year-old Eugene Allen returns home from his tour of duty in Vietnam and begins to write a war novel--a book echoing Catch-22 and Slaughterhouse-Five--about veterans who have their battlefield experiences \"enfolded,\" wiped from their memories through drugs and therapy. In Eugene's fictive universe, veterans too damaged to be enfolded stalk the American heartland, reenacting atrocities on civilians and evading the Psych Corps, a federal agency dedicated to upholding the mental hygiene of the nation by any means necessary. This alternative America, in which a veteran tries to reimagine a damaged world, is the subject of Hystopia, the long-awaited first novel by David Means.\"-- Provided by publisher.
Book
Stress memory responses and seed priming correlate with drought tolerance in plants
The frequently uneven rainfall distribution caused by global warming will lead to more irregular and multiple abiotic stresses, such as heat stress, dehydration stress, cold stress or the combination of these stresses. Dehydration stress is one of the major environmental factors affecting the survival rate and productivity of plants. Hence, there is an urgent need to develop improved resilient varieties. Presently, technologies based on plant stress memory, cross-stress tolerance and priming of seeds represent fruitful and promising areas of future research and applied agricultural science. In this review, we will provide an overview of plant drought stress memory from physiological, biochemical, molecular and epigenetic perspectives. Drought priming-induced cross-stress tolerance to cold and heat stress will be discussed and the application of seed priming will be illustrated for different species.
Journal Article
Epigenetic stress memory: A new approach to study cold and heat stress responses in plants
Understanding plant stress memory under extreme temperatures such as cold and heat could contribute to plant development. Plants employ different types of stress memories, such as somatic, intergenerational and transgenerational, regulated by epigenetic changes such as DNA and histone modifications and microRNAs (miRNA), playing a key role in gene regulation from early development to maturity. In most cases, cold and heat stresses result in short-term epigenetic modifications that can return to baseline modification levels after stress cessation. Nevertheless, some of the modifications may be stable and passed on as stress memory, potentially allowing them to be inherited across generations, whereas some of the modifications are reactivated during sexual reproduction or embryogenesis. Several stress-related genes are involved in stress memory inheritance by turning on and off transcription profiles and epigenetic changes. Vernalization is the best example of somatic stress memory. Changes in the chromatin structure of the Flowering Locus C ( FLC ) gene, a MADS-box transcription factor (TF), maintain cold stress memory during mitosis. FLC expression suppresses flowering at high levels during winter; and during vernalization, B3 TFs, cold memory cis -acting element and polycomb repressive complex 1 and 2 (PRC1 and 2) silence FLC activation. In contrast, the repression of SQUAMOSA promoter-binding protein-like ( SPL ) TF and the activation of Heat Shock TF ( HSFA2 ) are required for heat stress memory. However, it is still unclear how stress memory is inherited by offspring, and the integrated view of the regulatory mechanisms of stress memory and mitotic and meiotic heritable changes in plants is still scarce. Thus, in this review, we focus on the epigenetic regulation of stress memory and discuss the application of new technologies in developing epigenetic modifications to improve stress memory.
Journal Article
Brain fitness : the easy way of keeping your mind sharp through qigong movements
The author shares her expertise in tai chi, qigong, and medicine, emphasizing how tai chi and qigong aid in memory, emotional balance, and lifelong learning. This book features an illustrated manual detailing tai chi and qigong exercises to prevent brain aging; and concise, accessible guidance in combining elements of eastern and western medicine to form a new vision of brain health.--Publisher.
Book
DNA Methylation in Plant Responses and Adaption to Abiotic Stresses
Due to their sessile state, plants are inevitably affected by and respond to the external environment. So far, plants have developed multiple adaptation and regulation strategies to abiotic stresses. One such system is epigenetic regulation, among which DNA methylation is one of the earliest and most studied regulatory mechanisms, which can regulate genome functioning and induce plant resistance and adaption to abiotic stresses. In this review, we outline the most recent findings on plant DNA methylation responses to drought, high temperature, cold, salt, and heavy metal stresses. In addition, we discuss stress memory regulated by DNA methylation, both in a transient way and the long-term memory that could pass to next generations. To sum up, the present review furnishes an updated account of DNA methylation in plant responses and adaptations to abiotic stresses.
Journal Article