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The aim of this study was to compare the biomechanical results of long proximal femoral bionic nail (PFBN) and three conventional intramedullary nails in the treatment of subtrochanteric fractures (STFs). Using finite element analysis, we compared the therapeutic efficacy of four long intramedullary nails: the PFBN, reconstruction nail (RCN), InterTAN nail (ITN), and proximal femoral nail antirotation (PFNA) for the treatment of Seinsheimer type IIIA and type V STFs. The biomechanical stability of the implants was evaluated by calculating of von Mises stress (VMS), contact pressure and displacement for three loading scenarios. The results showed that the PFBN group had the lowest VMS values under axial, bending and torsional loads. Under axial loading conditions, the VMS of PFBN was 480.04 MPa, followed by ITN (726.39 MPa), PFNA (730.48 MPa), and RCN (837.24 MPa) in the type V fracture groups. In the PFBN group, the contact pressure was 19.22 MPa and the tangential micromotion was 0.089 mm for the type IIIA group, 23.69 MPa and 0.08 mm for the type V group. Compared to the ITN, PFNA and RCN groups, the PFBN group exhibited the lowest contact pressure and tangential micromotion at the fracture sites. The superior biomechanical properties of the PFBN under axial, bending, and torsional loads not only reduced stress at the fracture site, but also improved structural stability.

The facial expression and human emotions are considered as important components for building various real-time applications such as human expression and emotion recognition systems. Various parts of the human face contribute to recognizing expression. The contribution of action units on the nose is considered important. In this paper, input images are converted into HSV color space for better representation. The nose area is localized and the boundary is drawn by segmentation process using Fuzzy C-means Clustering (FCM). The segmented nose on the human face is modelled using a pyramid/tetrahedron structure and it is superimposed on the reference face. The feature points are identified on the pyramid model, where the Action Units (AUs) falling on the tetrahedron are identified. These points are validated with the theoretical properties of the tetrahedron so that the constructed feature vector is robust. The degree of deformation at various points is constructed as the feature vector. The feature vector is extracted for all the database images, say JAFE and CK++ datasets, and the feature database is created and stored separately. The feature data sets are used for training and thus, they are n-fold cross-validated to avoid over and under fitting. Given an input image for estimating the expression and emotion, the feature vector of the input image is compared with the feature vector of deformed images stored in the database. We have used Support Vector Machine (SVM), and Multilayer Perceptron (MLP) and Random Forest classifier to classify the expression and derive emotion. The JAFE and CK++ datasets are used for experimental analysis. It is found that the Nose feature using pyramid/tetrahedron structure is giving good results. Most of the time the classification accuracy is more than 95%. The experimental results are compared with some of the well-known approaches and the proposed tetrahedron model has performed well with classification accuracy more than 95%.

Single abnormal gene structure of disorders, specifically the alpha (α) and beta (β) thalassemia recessive disorders are focused. From the NCBI website, the preferred DNA sequencing is downloaded. The objective is to study the structure of Single Abnormal Gene using modified Box counting principle and FFD-Fuzzy Fractal Dimension analysis. Initially the fractal dimension method is used and analyzed single abnormal gene structure with the help of box counting method where the grids are segmented into triangles. Further the analysis is enhanced through grid and triangular method of improved box counting methods named as Ruby Triangular dimension which is the novelty of the research. Comparison of Grid Dimension with Triangular Dimension based fractal and fuzzy fractal dimension in the severity of disease from its secondary structure of the disorder related genes structures are performed. Further the complexity of the Single Abnormal Gene structure evaluated to generate a unique Attractor for the prediction of the α-thalassemia and β-thalassemia disorder in earlier diagnosis, refer as bifurcation theory. The results shows that the triangular Ruby Dimension based improved box counting method facilitate quick with more exactitude. In grid method the size of the image should be 2n pixels and shrink to at most 2048 pixels, whereas the triangular pixels may be reduced to 23 times than grid method. Hence, this novel Fuzzy Fractal Ruby Triangular Dimension method shows better results and can be applied for image of higher dimensions with the same procedure.

This paper studies the evolution rule of inclination fracture field in close distance and inclined coal seams. It can fully understand the evolution rule and distribution characteristics of overlying strata in the coal cutting process. Taking the 21003 mining face of a mine in Guizhou as the engineering background, numerical simulation is used to simulate the evolution process of the overlying strata fracture field and deformation characteristics caused by the mining effect of the mining roadway during coal cutting. Finally, it is concluded that “triangular closed” structure at the bottom of mining face greater than upside during mining face, resulting in a large deformation of the roadway at the bottom of mining face; the composite support technology can effectively control the large deformation of surrounding rock roadway caused by the “triangular closed” structure.