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Rapid recycling of subducted sedimentary carbon revealed by Afghanistan carbonatite volcano
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Rapid recycling of subducted sedimentary carbon revealed by Afghanistan carbonatite volcano
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Journal Article
Rapid recycling of subducted sedimentary carbon revealed by Afghanistan carbonatite volcano
2021
Overview
The fate of carbon subducted to mantle depths remains uncertain, yet strongly influences the distribution of terrestrial carbon on geologic timescales. Carbon fluxes into subduction zones are exceptionally high where downgoing plates contain thick sedimentary fans. This study uses volcano geochemistry to assess sedimentary carbon recycling in the high-flux Makran subduction zone, where the Arabian plate subducts northward beneath Eurasia. On the basis of strontium isotope geochemistry and
40
Ar–
39
Ar geochronology, I show that a portion of the submarine Indus Fan entered the Makran Trench, melted and ascended as magmas that erupted in southern Afghanistan. The resulting volcano, composed primarily of carbonate minerals, formed at approximately 3.8 million years ago. The
87
Sr/
86
Sr ratios of the lavas indicate that their magmatic precursors were derived from marine sediments deposited at 28.9 ± 1.4 Ma. This implies that sedimentary carbon was subducted to and returned from mantle depths in less than 27 million years, indicating that magmas can efficiently recycle sedimentary carbon from subducting slabs to the overlying plate.
Sedimentary carbon is subducted to, and returned from, mantle depths in less than 27 million years, according strontium isotope analysis and geochronology of lavas from southern Afghanistan.
