eBook

Strengthening China's and India's trade and investment ties to the Middle East and North Africa

Pigato, Miria

2009

Overview

China and India's spectacular economic rise over the last two decades has accelerated their trade and investment flows with the Middle East and North Africa (MENA), particularly with the oil-producing countries. And while these flows are still small, China and India's presence in the region is on the rise. This report focuses on the following questions: what have been evolution and the impact of MENA's trade and investment relations with China and India? what actions can be taken to maximize the benefits from these relations and to enhance MENA's international integration? The main findings indicate that the region as a whole has benefited from the rise of China and India in terms of better terms of trade, significant increases in oil and gas exports, and cheaper imports. However, producers of industrial goods have been negatively-and in a few cases severely-affected by competition with the two Asian countries in both third and domestic markets. While China and India are investing more in MENA, they are contributing very little to job creation or to the transfer and diffusion of technology. Faster growth in the two Asian countries-and the associated higher demand for energy-will increase revenues from oil and the difficult choices associated with their management. For the labor-abundant, non oil-producing countries, competition with China and India will increase. But the lack of competitive manufacturing industries and services, the insufficient attention given in the past to building technological capabilities and promoting openness and entrepreneurship are constraining their ability to respond to competition. They need to accelerate productivity to tackle unemployment, especially among youth. This may require the broader institutional changes seen in China and India-suggesting the importance of a pragmatic reform agenda that can accelerate productivity, trade, and investment in the region.

• Publisher: World Bank,World Bank Publications
• Subject: ADJUSTMENT ASSISTANCE / Africa, North / Africa, North -- Commerce / AGREEMENT ON TRADE / AGRICULTURAL COMMODITIES / AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS / AGRICULTURE / APPAREL / APPAREL PRODUCTS / Auslandsinvestition / Außenhandelspolitik / BILATERAL AGREEMENTS / BILATERAL COOPERATION / BUSINESS ENVIRONMENT / CAPITAL FLOWS / CAPITAL GOODS / CAPITAL OUTFLOWS / CAPITAL SURPLUSES / CHANGES IN TRADE / China / China (People's Republic) / China -- Foreign economic relations -- Middle East / China -- Foreign economic relations -- North Africa / Commerce / COMMODITY / COMMODITY PRICES / COMMUNICATION / COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY / COMPARATIVE ADVANTAGE / COMPARATIVE ADVANTAGES / COMPETITION / COMPETITION POLICY / COMPETITIVE PRESSURES / COMPETITIVENESS / CONSUMER PRICES / CONSUMERS / CONSUMPTION / CONSUMPTION RATES / COPYRIGHT CLEARANCE / COPYRIGHT CLEARANCE CENTER / DEMAND / DEMOGRAPHIC / DEVELOPING COUNTRIES / DEVELOPMENT / DEVELOPMENT POLICIES / Dienstleistungshandel / Direktinvestition / DOMESTIC DEMAND / DOMESTIC ECONOMIES / DOMESTIC MARKET / DOMESTIC MARKETS / DOMESTIC PRODUCERS / DOMESTIC PRODUCTION / DOUBLE TAXATION / ECONOMIC CRISIS / ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT / ECONOMIC INTEGRATION / ECONOMIC POWER / ECONOMIC RELATIONS / ECONOMIC STRUCTURE / ECONOMIES OF SCALE / ENERGY EXPORTS / ENERGY RESOURCES / EQUITY / EXPORT DIVERSIFICATION / EXPORT GROWTH / EXPORT MARKET / EXPORT MARKETS / EXPORT OPPORTUNITIES / EXPORT PERFORMANCE / EXPORT PRICES / EXPORT SHARE / EXPORT VOLUMES / Exportdiversifizierung / EXPORTS / EXTERNALITIES / FINANCIAL CRISIS / FINANCIAL FLOWS / FINANCIAL SECTOR / FINANCIAL SUPPORT / FISCAL DEFICITS / FORECASTS / FOREIGN COMPETITION / FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT / Foreign economic relations / FOREIGN INVESTMENTS / FOREIGN INVESTORS / FOREIGN MARKETS / Foreign trade / FREE TRADE / FREE TRADE AGREEMENT / FUTURE / GDP / GDP PER CAPITA / GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION / GLOBAL CAPITAL / GLOBAL CAPITAL FLOWS / GLOBAL COMPETITION / GLOBAL MARKET / GLOBAL MARKETS / GLOBAL STANDARDS / GLOBAL TRADE / GLOBAL TRADE ANALYSIS / GOODS / GOVERNANCE / GOVERNMENT SUBSIDIES / GROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCT / GROWTH RATES / HUMAN CAPITAL / IMPORT DUTIES / IMPORT MARKETS / IMPORT PRICES / IMPORT PROTECTION / INCOMES / India / India -- Foreign economic relations -- Middle East / India -- Foreign economic relations -- North Africa / Indien / INDUSTRIAL PRODUCTS / INDUSTRIAL SECTOR / INDUSTRIALIZATION / INPUTS / INSTITUTIONAL INFRASTRUCTURE / Instrumente der Wirtschaftspolitik / INTEREST / INTERMEDIATE INPUTS / International economic relations / INTERNATIONAL INVESTORS / INTERNATIONAL MARKET / INTERNATIONAL MARKETS / International relations / INTERNATIONAL TRADE / Internationale Wirtschaftsbeziehungen / INVENTORY / INVESTMENT / INVESTMENT FLOWS / INVESTMENT TREATIES / INVESTOR / JOB CREATION / KNOWLEDGE SPILLOVERS / LABOR MARKETS / LIBERALIZATION / LIFE EXPECTANCIES / MACROECONOMIC CONSEQUENCES / MACROECONOMIC STABILITY / Maghreb / Manufacturing / MANUFACTURING INDUSTRIES / MARKET ACCESS / MARKET PENETRATION / MARKET PRICE / MARKET SHARE / MARKET SHARES / MARKETS / MENA-Staaten / Middle East / Middle East -- Commerce / Middle East -- Foreign economic relations -- China / Middle East -- Foreign economic relations -- India / MULTILATERAL NEGOTIATIONS / Naher und Mittlerer Osten und Nordafrika / NATIONAL INCOME / NATURAL RESOURCES / NET EXPORTERS / NEW MARKET / NEW MARKET OPPORTUNITIES / NEW MARKETS / NEW PRODUCTS / North Africa / North Africa -- Foreign economic relations -- China / North Africa -- Foreign economic relations -- India / OIL EXPORTERS / OIL IMPORTS / OIL PRICE / OIL PRICES / OIL REVENUES / OPENNESS / OUTCOMES / OUTPUT / OUTSOURCING / PATTERN OF SPECIALIZATION / Petrodollar / PORTFOLIO / POWER PARITY / PREFERENTIAL AGREEMENTS / PREFERENTIAL MARKET ACCESS / PRICE VOLATILITY / PRICES / PRIMARY GOODS / PRODUCTION / PRODUCTION STRUCTURES / PRODUCTIVITY GROWTH / Produktivität / PURCHASING POWER / RAPID ECONOMIC GROWTH / RAPID GROWTH / RATE OF GROWTH / REAL ESTATE / REGIONAL INTEGRATION / REGIONAL TRADE / REGIONAL TRADE AGREEMENTS / REGIONAL TRADE INTEGRATION / REGRESSION ANALYSIS / REGULATORY ENVIRONMENT / REGULATORY FRAMEWORK / REGULATORY REGIME / REGULATORY REQUIREMENTS / REPUTATION / RULES OF ORIGIN / SECURITY / SHARE OF WORLD EXPORTS / SPECIALIZATION / STATISTICAL ANALYSIS / TARIFF / TARIFF BARRIERS / TARIFFS / TAXATION / TECHNOLOGY TRANSFERS / TELECOMMUNICATIONS / TERMS OF TRADE / THEORY / TOTAL FACTOR PRODUCTIVITY / TRADE / TRADE AGREEMENT / TRADE AGREEMENTS / TRADE BARRIERS / TRADE DATA / TRADE DIVERSION / TRADE FLOWS / TRADE LOGISTICS / TRADE MODELS / TRADE PATTERNS / TRADE POLICIES / TRADE POLICY / TRADE PROTECTION / TRADE RELATIONS / TRADE SHOCKS / TRADITIONAL MARKETS / TRANSACTION COSTS / TRANSACTIONS COSTS / TRENDS / UNEMPLOYMENT / UNFAIR COMPETITION / UNSKILLED LABOR / VALUE / VALUE OF IMPORTS / Volksrepublik China / WAGES / WEALTH / WELFARE / Wettbewerbsfähigkeit / Wirtschaftsreformen / WORLD DEVELOPMENT INDICATORS / WORLD ECONOMY / WORLD MARKETS / WORLD PRICES / WORLD TRADE / WORLD TRADE ORGANIZATION / WTO
• ISBN: 0821377760, 9780821377765