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INTERLEUKIN-18 REGULATES BOTH TH1 AND TH2 RESPONSES
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Journal Article
INTERLEUKIN-18 REGULATES BOTH TH1 AND TH2 RESPONSES
2001
Overview
Although interleukin-18 is structurally homologous to IL-1 and its receptor
belongs to the IL-1R/Toll-like receptor (TLR) superfamily, its function is
quite different from that of IL-1. IL-18 is produced not only by types of
immune cells but also by non-immune cells. In collaboration with IL-12, IL-18
stimulates Th1-mediated immune responses, which play a critical role in the
host defense against infection with intracellular microbes through the
induction of IFN-γ. However, the overproduction of IL-12 and IL-18
induces severe inflammatory disorders, suggesting that IL-18 is a potent
proinflammatory cytokine that has pathophysiological roles in several
inflammatory conditions. IL-18 mRNA is expressed in a wide range of cells
including Kupffer cells, macrophages, T cells, B cells, dendritic cells,
osteoblasts, keratinocytes, astrocytes, and microglias. Thus, the
pathophysiological role of IL-18 has been extensively tested in the organs that
contain these cells. Somewhat surprisingly, IL-18 alone can stimulate Th2
cytokine production as well as allergic inflammation. Therefore, the functions
of IL-18 in vivo are very heterogeneous and complicated. In principle, IL-18
enhances the IL-12-driven Th1 immune responses, but it can also stimulate Th2
immune responses in the absence of IL-12.
Publisher
Annual Reviews,Annual Reviews, Inc
Subject
/ Autoimmune Diseases - immunology
/ B-Lymphocytes - drug effects
/ Cell Differentiation - drug effects
/ Gene Expression Regulation - drug effects
/ Humans
/ Hypersensitivity - immunology
/ Interferon-gamma - biosynthesis
/ Interferon-gamma - secretion
/ Interleukin-18 - biosynthesis
/ Interleukin-18 - pharmacology
/ Interleukin-18 Receptor alpha Subunit
/ Mice
/ Protein Precursors - metabolism
/ Receptors, Interleukin - chemistry
/ Receptors, Interleukin - drug effects
/ Receptors, Interleukin - genetics
