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A comparative analysis of school-based management in Central America

Di Gropello, Emanuela

2006

Overview

This paper provides a comparative analysis of school-based management reforms in four Central American countries (EDUCO in El Salvador, PRONADE in Guatemala, PROHECO in Honduras, and Centros Autonomos in Nicaragua). It starts by providing a characterization of the models and then reviews how they have expanded community participation and empowerment and school decisionmaking autonomy. It then continues by analyzing the impact of community and school empowerment on the teaching-learning process, including measures of teacher effort. The paper assesses the impact of the models on several educational outcomes, relating this impact with the teaching-learning environment and community empowerment. Finally, the paper attempts to explain the impact of the reforms by discussing how variations in reform design, country contexts and actors’ assets can explain differences and similarities in result.The key conclusion of the paper is that school-based management models have led generally to greater community empowerment and teacher effort, resulting in: (a) a better use of the existing limited capacity of teachers and schools; (b) higher coverage in rural areas; (c) somewhat better student flows; and (d) learning outcomes at least as high as in traditional schools (while community-managed schools are generally established in the poorest and most isolated rural areas). A second set of key conclusions of the report is that the impact of community based schooling on student flows and learning outcomes could be greatly enhanced by a set of specific actions which largely aim at setting up the conditions for pedagogical improvement, improved management and empowerment at the local level, and sustainability of the models.

• Publisher: World Bank,World Bank Publications,The World Bank,Washington, DC: World Bank
• Subject: ACCESS TO EDUCATION / ADMINISTRATIVE DATA / AVERAGE STUDENT-TEACHER RATIO / BASIC EDUCATION / BASIC EDUCATION SECTOR / Bildungsreform / Bildungswesen / CENTRAL AMERICA / CENTRAL AMERICAN / COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT / COMMUNITY EDUCATION / COMMUNITY INVOLVEMENT / COMMUNITY PARTICIPATION / COMMUNITY SCHOOL / COMMUNITY SCHOOLS / CURRICULUM / CURRICULUM DESIGN / CURRICULUM DEVELOPMENT / DECENTRALIZATION / Dezentralisierung / DROPOUT RATES / Education / Education -- Latin America / EDUCATION ASSOCIATIONS / EDUCATION AUTHORITIES / EDUCATION DECENTRALIZATION / EDUCATION DELIVERY / EDUCATION OFFICES / EDUCATION OUTCOMES / EDUCATION PROVIDERS / EDUCATION REFORM / EDUCATION REFORMS / EDUCATION SERVICES / EDUCATION STRATEGY / EDUCATION SYSTEM / EDUCATIONAL DEVELOPMENT / EDUCATIONAL OUTCOMES / EDUCATIONAL PROGRAMS / EDUCATIONAL PROVISION / EDUCATIONAL REQUIREMENTS / EDUCATIONAL SERVICES / EFFECTIVE EDUCATION / EFFECTIVENESS OF EDUCATION / El Salvador / ENROLLMENT / FINANCIAL RESOURCES / Guatemala / HIGH DROPOUT / Honduras / HUMAN DEVELOPMENT / IMPACT OF EDUCATION / IMPROVEMENT OF EDUCATION / IMPROVEMENT OF EDUCATION QUALITY / KEY ROLE / Latin America / LATIN AMERICAN / LEADERSHIP / LEARNING / LEARNING ACHIEVEMENT / LEARNING MATERIALS / LEARNING OUTCOMES / LINGUISTIC DIVERSITY / LOCAL COMMUNITIES / LOCAL LEVEL / LOW ENROLLMENT / MATHEMATICS / MINISTRIES OF EDUCATION / Mittelamerika / NATIONAL CURRICULUM / Nicaragua / PARENTAL INVOLVEMENT / PARENTAL PARTICIPATION / PARENTAL SUPPORT / PEDAGOGICAL AUTONOMY / PERSONNEL MANAGEMENT / POVERTY REDUCTION / PRIMARY EDUCATION / PRIMARY SCHOOL / PRIMARY SCHOOL-AGE CHILDREN / PRIMARY SCHOOL-AGE POPULATION / PRIMARY SCHOOLS / PRINTING / PROFESSIONAL DEVELOPMENT / PUBLIC SCHOOL / PUBLIC SCHOOLS / QUALITY OF EDUCATION / REGIONAL EDUCATION / REGIONAL TRAINING / REPETITION / REPETITION RATES / RURAL AREAS / RURAL SCHOOLS / SCHOOL ADMINISTRATION / SCHOOL AGE / SCHOOL AGE CHILDREN / SCHOOL AUTONOMY / SCHOOL BUILDING / SCHOOL CLUSTER / SCHOOL COUNCIL / SCHOOL COUNCILS / SCHOOL DATA / SCHOOL DIRECTORS / SCHOOL ENVIRONMENTS / SCHOOL FEEDING / SCHOOL FEEDING PROGRAMS / SCHOOL IMPROVEMENT / SCHOOL LEVEL / SCHOOL MANAGEMENT / SCHOOL MATERIALS / SCHOOL MODEL / SCHOOL PERFORMANCE / SCHOOL PROGRAM / SCHOOL SCHEDULE / SCHOOL STAFF / SCHOOLING / SCHOOLS / Schools -- Decentralization -- Latin America / SECONDARY SCHOOL / SECONDARY SCHOOLS / SKILLED TEACHERS / SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT / SOCIO-ECONOMIC STATUS / SPORTS / STUDENT ATTENDANCE / STUDENT FEES / STUDENT FLOWS / STUDENT LEARNING / STUDENT OUTCOMES / STUDENT-TEACHER RATIO / TARGET SCHOOLS / TEACHER / TEACHER EDUCATION / TEACHER MANAGEMENT / TEACHER PERFORMANCE / TEACHER SALARIES / TEACHER TRAINING / TEACHERS / TEACHING / TEACHING METHODOLOGIES / TEACHING METHODS / TEACHING-LEARNING / TEACHING-LEARNING ENVIRONMENT / TEACHING-LEARNING PROCESS / TENURE / TRAINING CENTERS / TRAINING PROGRAMS / URBAN AREAS / URBAN SCHOOLS
• ISBN: 0821365258, 9780821365250, 9780821365267, 0821365266