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Sex Ratio and Survival of Mandarin Ducks in the Tachia River of Central Taiwan
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Sex Ratio and Survival of Mandarin Ducks in the Tachia River of Central Taiwan
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Journal Article
Sex Ratio and Survival of Mandarin Ducks in the Tachia River of Central Taiwan
2011
Overview
Sound management of the Mandarin Duck (Aix galericulata) requires an understanding of its survival and cause-specific mortality, yet these parameters have not been studied in Taiwan. From January 1999 to December 2002, a study was conducted along the Tachia River, in central Taiwan, where the largest population of Mandarin ducks resides. The sex ratio was male-biased for adults (average 2.10:1) but not for juveniles (average 0.92:1). Ducks (34 males and 42 females) were radio-tagged and monitored two to three times per month for 1–47 months. Annual survivorship was 0.80 and 0.44 for male and female ducks, respectively; lower female survival may lead to a male-biased sex ratio. Forty-three ducks died, the greatest proportion from unknown causes, followed by avian predators, mammalian predators and anthropogenic activity. Mortality occurred year-round, but female mortality was greatest from spring to fall, 9–10 carcasses, while male mortality (seven) was greatest in the winter.
