Journal Article

Comorbidity in severe asthma requiring systemic corticosteroid therapy: cross-sectional data from the Optimum Patient Care Research Database and the British Thoracic Difficult Asthma Registry

Chaudhuri, Rekha, Mansur, Adel H, Patterson, Chris C, Price, David, Niven, Rob M, Bucknall, Christine, Brightling, Chris E, Menzies-Gow, Andrew, Sweeney, Joan, Heaney, Liam G

2016

Overview

ObjectiveTo determine the prevalence of systemic corticosteroid-induced morbidity in severe asthma.DesignCross-sectional observational study.SettingThe primary care Optimum Patient Care Research Database and the British Thoracic Society Difficult Asthma Registry.ParticipantsOptimum Patient Care Research Database (7195 subjects in three age- and gender-matched groups)—severe asthma (Global Initiative for Asthma (GINA) treatment step 5 with four or more prescriptions/year of oral corticosteroids, n=808), mild/moderate asthma (GINA treatment step 2/3, n=3975) and non-asthma controls (n=2412). 770 subjects with severe asthma from the British Thoracic Society Difficult Asthma Registry (442 receiving daily oral corticosteroids to maintain disease control).Main outcome measuresPrevalence rates of morbidities associated with systemic steroid exposure were evaluated and reported separately for each group.Results748/808 (93%) subjects with severe asthma had one or more condition linked to systemic corticosteroid exposure (mild/moderate asthma 3109/3975 (78%), non-asthma controls 1548/2412 (64%); p<0.001 for severe asthma versus non-asthma controls). Compared with mild/moderate asthma, morbidity rates for severe asthma were significantly higher for conditions associated with systemic steroid exposure (type II diabetes 10% vs 7%, OR=1.46 (95% CI 1.11 to 1.91), p<0.01; osteoporosis 16% vs 4%, OR=5.23, (95% CI 3.97 to 6.89), p<0.001; dyspeptic disorders (including gastric/duodenal ulceration) 65% vs 34%, OR=3.99, (95% CI 3.37 to 4.72), p<0.001; cataracts 9% vs 5%, OR=1.89, (95% CI 1.39 to 2.56), p<0.001). In the British Thoracic Society Difficult Asthma Registry similar prevalence rates were found, although, additionally, high rates of osteopenia (35%) and obstructive sleep apnoea (11%) were identified.ConclusionsOral corticosteroid-related adverse events are common in severe asthma. New treatments which reduce exposure to oral corticosteroids may reduce the prevalence of these conditions and this should be considered in cost-effectiveness analyses of these new treatments.

• Publisher: BMJ Publishing Group Ltd and British Thoracic Society,BMJ Publishing Group LTD
• Subject: Administration, Oral / Adult / Aged / Asthma / Asthma - diagnosis / Asthma - drug therapy / Asthma - physiopathology / Body Mass Index / Cataract - chemically induced / Cost analysis / Cross-Sectional Studies / Diabetes / Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 - chemically induced / Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 - epidemiology / Drug reactions / Duodenal Ulcer - chemically induced / Female / Glucocorticoids - administration & dosage / Glucocorticoids - adverse effects / Humans / Male / Middle Aged / Morbidity / Obesity - chemically induced / Obesity - epidemiology / Osteoporosis - chemically induced / Osteoporosis - epidemiology / Patients / Prevalence / Quality of Life / Registries / Regression analysis / Respiratory diseases / Risk Factors / Severity of Illness Index / Sex Distribution / Sleep Apnea, Obstructive - chemically induced / Steroids / Stomach Ulcer - chemically induced / United Kingdom - epidemiology