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Evolutionary dynamics of Clostridium difficile over short and long time scales

by Martin, Melissa J , Lawley, Trevor D , Rance, Richard , Wren, Brendan W , Thurston, Scott , Burrows, Christine , Bentley, Stephen D , Stabler, Richard A , Dawson, Lisa F , Brooks, Karen , Walker, Danielle , He, Miao , Clark, Louise , Rose, Graham , Quail, Michael A , Sebaihia, Mohammed , Dougan, Gordon , Parkhill, Julian , Holt, Kathryn E , Churcher, Carol , Murray, Vicky , van Tonder, Andries , Seth-Smith, Helena M.B , Harris, David , Corton, Craig

in Bacteria / Biological Sciences / Clostridioides difficile - genetics / Clostridium difficile / Computational Biology / Diarrhea / Epidemics / Evolution / Evolution, Molecular / Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial / Gene transfer / Gene Transfer Techniques / genes / Genetic diversity / genetic variation / Genome, Bacterial / Genomes / Genomics / Homologous recombination / horizontal gene transfer / humans / Molecular Sequence Data / Pathogens / Phylogenetics / Phylogeny / Polymerase Chain Reaction / Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide / Recombination / Recombination, Genetic / ribotypes / Ribotyping / sequence analysis / Sequence Analysis, DNA / Sequencing / Species diversity / Species Specificity / Time Factors / Virulence

2010

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Evolutionary dynamics of Clostridium difficile over short and long time scales

2010

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2010

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Journal Article

Evolutionary dynamics of Clostridium difficile over short and long time scales

Martin, Melissa J,

Lawley, Trevor D,

Rance, Richard,

Wren, Brendan W,

Thurston, Scott,

Burrows, Christine,

Bentley, Stephen D,

Stabler, Richard A,

Dawson, Lisa F,

Brooks, Karen,

Walker, Danielle,

He, Miao,

Clark, Louise,

Rose, Graham,

Quail, Michael A,

Sebaihia, Mohammed,

Dougan, Gordon,

Parkhill, Julian,

Holt, Kathryn E,

Churcher, Carol,

Murray, Vicky,

van Tonder, Andries,

Seth-Smith, Helena M.B,

Harris, David,

Corton, Craig

2010

Overview

Clostridium difficile has rapidly emerged as the leading cause of antibiotic-associated diarrheal disease, with the transcontinental spread of various PCR ribotypes, including 001, 017, 027 and 078. However, the genetic basis for the emergence of C. difficile as a human pathogen is unclear. Whole genome sequencing was used to analyze genetic variation and virulence of a diverse collection of thirty C. difficile isolates, to determine both macro and microevolution of the species. Horizontal gene transfer and large-scale recombination of core genes has shaped the C. difficile genome over both short and long time scales. Phylogenetic analysis demonstrates C. difficile is a genetically diverse species, which has evolved within the last 1.1–85 million years. By contrast, the disease-causing isolates have arisen from multiple lineages, suggesting that virulence evolved independently in the highly epidemic lineages.

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Publisher

National Academy of Sciences,National Acad Sciences

Subject

Bacteria

/ Biological Sciences

/ Clostridioides difficile - genetics

/ Clostridium difficile

/ Computational Biology

/ Diarrhea

/ Epidemics