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Microbiota-induced obesity requires farnesoid X receptor
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Journal Article
Microbiota-induced obesity requires farnesoid X receptor
2017
Overview
ObjectiveThe gut microbiota has been implicated as an environmental factor that modulates obesity, and recent evidence suggests that microbiota-mediated changes in bile acid profiles and signalling through the bile acid nuclear receptor farnesoid X receptor (FXR) contribute to impaired host metabolism. Here we investigated if the gut microbiota modulates obesity and associated phenotypes through FXR.DesignWe fed germ-free (GF) and conventionally raised (CONV-R) wild-type and Fxr−/− mice a high-fat diet (HFD) for 10 weeks. We monitored weight gain and glucose metabolism and analysed the gut microbiota and bile acid composition, beta-cell mass, accumulation of macrophages in adipose tissue, liver steatosis, and expression of target genes in adipose tissue and liver. We also transferred the microbiota of wild-type and Fxr-deficient mice to GF wild-type mice.ResultsThe gut microbiota promoted weight gain and hepatic steatosis in an FXR-dependent manner, and the bile acid profiles and composition of faecal microbiota differed between Fxr−/− and wild-type mice. The obese phenotype in colonised wild-type mice was associated with increased beta-cell mass, increased adipose inflammation, increased steatosis and expression of genes involved in lipid uptake. By transferring the caecal microbiota from HFD-fed Fxr−/− and wild-type mice into GF mice, we showed that the obesity phenotype was transferable.ConclusionsOur results indicate that the gut microbiota promotes diet-induced obesity and associated phenotypes through FXR, and that FXR may contribute to increased adiposity by altering the microbiota composition.
Publisher
BMJ Publishing Group LTD,BMJ Publishing Group
Subject
/ 1974
/ Acids
/ american journal of clinical nutrition
/ Animals
/ Bile
/ Bile Acids and Salts - metabolism
/ Body fat
/ Cardiology and Cardiovascular Disease
/ Diet
/ Dietary Fats - administration & dosage
/ dtvedt t
/ Fecal Microbiota Transplantation
/ fxr
/ Gastroenterology & Hepatology
/ Gastrointestinal Microbiome - genetics
/ Glucose
/ gut
/ Insulin-Secreting Cells - pathology
/ journal of biological chemistry
/ Kardiologi och kardiovaskulära sjukdomar
/ lch j
/ Liver
/ Male
/ Mice
/ mouse
/ Obesity
/ p1341
/ p497
/ Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear - genetics
/ Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear - metabolism
/ Taxonomy
/ v226
/ v27
