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Influence of overweight and childhood obesity on physical fitness according to socioeconomic level
Influence of overweight and childhood obesity on physical fitness according to socioeconomic level
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Influence of overweight and childhood obesity on physical fitness according to socioeconomic level
Influence of overweight and childhood obesity on physical fitness according to socioeconomic level
Journal Article

Influence of overweight and childhood obesity on physical fitness according to socioeconomic level

2025
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Overview
Introduction: Overweight and childhood obesity has increased its prevalence. Objective: The main purpose of this study was to analyze whether overweight and childhood obesity related to socioeconomic levels determined physical fitness. Methods: The sample included 3,279 children (1,634 boys and 1,645 girls) between the ages of 8 and 9, divided into two groups according to the gross disposable family income: advantaged group (n=1,829) and disadvantaged group (n=1,450). The anthropometric data obtained were weight and height to obtain the Body Mass Index (WHO z-scores). With regard to physical fitness, agility, cardiorespiratory condition and muscle strength were recorded. Results: The field tests showed significantly higher performance in the advantaged group compared to the disadvantaged group: ball throw 422.6 ± 102.9 cm vs 391.9 ± 106.7 cm, vertical jump 22.8 ± 7.7 cm vs 21.4 ± 6.1 cm, long jump 131.9 ± 24.1 cm vs 122.2 ± 23.1 cm zig-zag race 12.0 ± 5.1 sec vs 12.7 ± 5.2 sec., 20-meter speed 4.6 ± 0.6 sec vs 4.8 ± 0.7 sec. and 20-meter shuttle run test 12.3 ± 3.9 paliers vs 11.6 ± 3.6 paliers. Significant differences were also found in the BMI of the advantaged group 17.3 ± 2.4 compared to the disadvantaged group 18.0 ± 3.2. Conclusions: Children with a lower socioeconomic level showed a higher level of overweight and obesity, which contributed to lower physical fitness performance. Introducción: La prevalencia de sobrepeso y obesidad infantil ha aumentado. Objetivo: El objetivo principal de este estudio fue analizar si el sobrepeso y la obesidad infantil relacionados con el nivel socioeconómico determinaban la condición física. Metodología: La muestra incluyó a 3.279 niños (1.634 niños y 1.645 niñas) entre los 8 y 9 años, divididos en dos grupos según el ingreso familiar disponible bruto: grupo favorecido (n=1.829) y grupo desfavorecido (n=1.450). Se obtuvieron datos antropométricos de peso y altura para calcular el Índice de Masa Corporal (puntuaciones z de la OMS). Por lo que se refiere a la aptitud física, se registraron la agilidad, la condición cardiorrespiratoria y la fuerza muscular. Resultados: Las pruebas de campo mostraron un rendimiento significativamente mayor en el grupo favorecido en comparación con el grupo desfavorecido: lanzamiento de balón 422,6 ± 102,9 cm vs 391,9 ± 106,7 cm, salto vertical 22,8 ± 7,7 cm vs 21,4 ± 6,1 cm, salto de longitud 131,9 ± 24,1 cm vs 122,2 ± 23,1 cm, carrera de zig-zag 12,0 ± 5,1 seg vs 12,7 ± 5,2 seg, velocidad en 20 metros 4,6 ± 0,6 seg vs 4,8 ± 0,7 seg y prueba de carrera de 20 metros 12,3 ± 3,9 niveles vs 11,6 ± 3,6 niveles. También se encontraron diferencias significativas en el IMC del grupo favorecido 17,3 ± 2,4 en comparación con el grupo desfavorecido 18,0 ± 3,2. Conclusiones: Los niños con un nivel socioeconómico más bajo mostraron un mayor nivel de sobrepeso y obesidad, lo que contribuyó a un menor rendimiento en la aptitud física. Introdução: A prevalência de excesso de peso e obesidade na infância tem vindo a aumentar. Objectivo: O principal objectivo deste estudo foi analisar se o excesso de peso e a obesidade na infância, relacionados com o nível socioeconómico, determinam a aptidão física. Metodologia: A amostra incluiu 3.279 crianças (1.634 rapazes e 1.645 raparigas) com idades compreendidas entre os 8 e os 9 anos, divididas em dois grupos de acordo com o rendimento bruto do agregado familiar disponível: grupo favorecido (n = 1.829) e grupo desfavorecido (n = 1.450). Foram obtidos dados antropométricos de peso e altura para calcular o Índice de Massa Corporal (z-score da OMS). Em relação à aptidão física, foram registadas a agilidade, a aptidão cardiorrespiratória e a força muscular. Resultados: Os testes de campo mostraram um desempenho significativamente superior no grupo favorecido em comparação com o grupo desfavorecido: lançamento da bola 422,6 ± 102,9 cm vs 391,9 ± 106,7 cm, salto vertical 22,8 ± 7,7 cm vs 21,4 ± 6,1 cm, salto em comprimento 131,9 ± 24,1 cm vs 122,2 ± 23,1 cm, corrida em comprimento ziguezague 12,0 ± 5,1 seg vs 12,7 ± 5,2 seg, corrida de 20 m 4,6 ± 0,6 seg vs 4,8 ± 0,7 seg e teste de corrida de 20 m 12,3 ± 3,9 níveis vs 11,6 ± 3,6 níveis. Foram também encontradas diferenças significativas no IMC do grupo favorecido (17,3 ± 2,4) em comparação com o grupo desfavorecido (18,0 ± 3,2). Conclusões: As crianças com um nível socioeconómico mais baixo apresentaram níveis mais elevados de excesso de peso e obesidade, o que contribuiu para um menor desempenho físico.

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