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Prevalence and lifestyle risk factors for intervertebral disk disease in English cocker spaniels
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Prevalence and lifestyle risk factors for intervertebral disk disease in English cocker spaniels
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Journal Article
Prevalence and lifestyle risk factors for intervertebral disk disease in English cocker spaniels
2026
Overview
Abstract
Background
Limited data exist on intervertebral disk disease (IVDD) prevalence and risk factors in English cocker spaniels.
Hypothesis/Objectives
IVDD risk factors and prevalence vary between breeds and within sub-populations.
Animals
Two thousand six hundred fifty-four English cocker spaniels.
Methods
An online survey investigating prevalence and factors associated with IVDD was distributed via the UK Kennel Club to registered English cocker spaniel owners (November 14, 2022 to February 2, 2023). Prevalence estimates with 95% confidence intervals were calculated (Wilson score interval). Descriptive statistics were applied to demographic, exercise, and diet variables. Univariable associations were explored using unadjusted odds ratios with 95% CI (Wald method).
Results
Overall IVDD prevalence was 5.73% (95% CI, 4.82-6.62) and was greater in the show [8.99% (95% CI, 7.30-11.03)] than the working [3.44% (95% CI, 2.61-4.49)] dogs. Dogs in the show group were taller relative to their length compared to those in the working group. The lumbar region accounted for 53.02% (n = 79) cases, with an onset time most frequently of less than one day (40.14%, n = 59). Males were at greater odds of IVDD in our study compared to females (OR:14.39, 95% CI, 7.30-28.36), with neutered males or females at greater odds compared to the entire dogs (OR:7.9, 95% CI, 4.25-14.67).
Conclusions and clinical importance
IVDD is common in English cocker spaniels, with a higher prevalence in the show dogs.
Publisher
Oxford University Press
