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Anxiety and Anxiety Disorders among Mexican Children and Adolescents
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Anxiety and Anxiety Disorders among Mexican Children and Adolescents
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Journal Article
Anxiety and Anxiety Disorders among Mexican Children and Adolescents
2025
Overview
Anxiety and anxiety disorders are more common in children than adults, with an estimated prevalence of 9-21%, indicating a critical mental health issue in childhood. Without early culturally competent and transdiagnostic treatment, anxiety and anxiety disorders can lead to severe negative consequences in all life domains and extend to adulthood, causing impairment and increasing the cost for the individual and society. In Mexico, the prevalence of anxiety disorders among children and adolescents is still ambiguous. Gender and age differences have yet to be addressed, and most childhood cases of anxiety remain undetected and are left untreated. This cross-sectional research examined gender and age differences in anxiety and specific phobia (SP), social anxiety (SA), obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), and separation anxiety disorder (SAD) in a sample of 889 Mexican children and adolescents selected randomly. Several statistical analyses were conducted: descriptive, correlation, and gender and age differences. The main results revealed an interaction effect (gender x age group) for SP, SAD, and OCD. The findings obtained will help design culturally competent and gender and age-specific intervention strategies for addressing anxiety and its various disorders in Mexican children and adolescents, thus contributing to them having healthier developmental trajectories. La ansiedad y los trastornos de ansiedad son más comunes en la niñez que en la adultez, con una prevalencia del 9-21%. Sin un tratamiento temprano, oportuno, culturalmente competente y transdiagnóstico, repercuten negativamente en todos los ámbitos de la vida extendiéndose hasta la edad adulta, causando deterioro e incapacidad y aumentando el costo para el individuo y la sociedad. En México, la prevalencia de ansiedad y sus diversos trastornos en la niñez es desconocida, las diferencias por género y edad todavía no se han abordado y la mayoría de los casos no se detectan ni se tratan. Esta investigación transversal examinó las diferencias por género y edad en ansiedad, fobia específica (FE), ansiedad social (AS), trastorno obsesivo compulsivo (TOC) y trastorno de ansiedad social (TAS) en una muestra de 889 menores mexicanos seleccionados aleatoriamente. Se realizaron análisis descriptivos, de correlación, de diferencias y de varianza. Los principales resultados revelaron un efecto de interacción (género x grupo de edad) para FE, TAS y TOC. Los hallazgos obtenidos contribuirán a elaborar estrategias de intervención culturalmente competentes y específicas por género y edad para abordar la ansiedad y sus diversos trastornos en menores mexicanos, favoreciendo el que tengan un desarrollo socioemocional más saludable.
Publisher
Universidad Nacional de Colombia
Subject
