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Land Cover Change and Estimated Habitat Connectivity of Tapanuli Orangutans Outside the 2016 PHVA Population Distribution
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Land Cover Change and Estimated Habitat Connectivity of Tapanuli Orangutans Outside the 2016 PHVA Population Distribution
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Journal Article
Land Cover Change and Estimated Habitat Connectivity of Tapanuli Orangutans Outside the 2016 PHVA Population Distribution
2025
Overview
Based on orangutan surveys conducted from South Tapanuli to Jambi during 2000–2001 and published scientifically in 2003, evidence of orangutan presence was recorded through the discovery of nests in the coastal swamp forests of Lumut, Central Tapanuli District, North Sumatra. This finding is significant because the site represents a coastal swamp ecosystem that is geographically separated from the Batang Toru landscape, the primary habitat of the Tapanuli orangutan. The data and information indicate a newly identified lowland habitat for the species and suggest potential connectivity between the Batang Toru and Lumut landscapes. However, the area has undergone substantial changes in forest cover. Using the Random Forest classification method in Google Earth Engine (GEE), this study identified an increase in open areas from 84.69 ha (0.06%) in 2000 to 446.22 ha (0.30%) in 2025. Furthermore, forest fragmentation has resulted in the formation of isolated forest patches, with the average distance between patches expanding from 1–2 km in 2000 to 5–10 km in 2025. This fragmentation has disrupted habitat connectivity, leaving the Tapanuli orangutans in the Lumut coastal swamp increasingly isolated and at high risk of local extinction.
Publisher
IOP Publishing
Subject
