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Numerical Investigations on Reducing Unburned Hydrocarbon and Carbon Monoxide Emissions in Reactivity-Controlled Compression Ignition Using Partial Reactivity Stratification with Alternative Fuels and Additive
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Numerical Investigations on Reducing Unburned Hydrocarbon and Carbon Monoxide Emissions in Reactivity-Controlled Compression Ignition Using Partial Reactivity Stratification with Alternative Fuels and Additive
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Journal Article
Numerical Investigations on Reducing Unburned Hydrocarbon and Carbon Monoxide Emissions in Reactivity-Controlled Compression Ignition Using Partial Reactivity Stratification with Alternative Fuels and Additive
2025
Overview
A numerical investigation has been performed in the current work on
reactivity-controlled compression ignition (RCCI), a low-temperature combustion
(LTC) strategy that is beneficial for achieving lower oxides of nitrogen
(NOx) and soot emission. A light-duty diesel engine was modified
to run in RCCI mode. Experimental data were acquired using diesel as HRF
(high-reactivity fuel) and gasoline as LRF (low reactivity fuel) to check the
accuracy and fidelity of predicted results. Blends of ethanol and gasoline with
DTBP (di-tert-butyl peroxide) addition in a small fraction on an energy basis
were used in numerical simulations to promote ignitability and reactivity
enhancement of PFI charge. Achieving stable, smooth, and gradual combustion in
RCCI is challenging at low loads, especially in light-duty engines, due to
misfiring and poor combustion stability. DTBP is known for enhancing cetane
number and accelerating combustion, and it is mixed in a PFI blend to avoid
combustion deterioration. The factors governing reactivity stratification to
achieve optimal combustion phasing were investigated in the present study. DTBP
decomposition and its low-temperature oxidation chemistry were found to be
responsible for affecting combustion phasing, heat release patterns, and
emission trends. DTBP additive and different in-cylinder strategies were applied
and studied to reduce unburned emissions. Adopting a multiple injection approach
utilizing dual-pulse assisted in reducing HC and CO levels. It enhances
combustion quality by providing adequate control over combustion phasing.
Altering operating parameters like intake temperatures reduced HC, CO, and soot
emissions by 97.6%, 57.6%, and 52.8%, respectively, compared to baseline
gasoline/diesel RCCI data. Optimizing the injection timings of the first and
second pulse helps achieve optimal combustion phasing and a 72.95% reduction in
NOx emissions. The higher injection pressure of DI helped lower
the CO and soot emissions by 53.33% and 51.84%, respectively.
