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The case of the missing antipharos from ancient Patara’s port
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The case of the missing antipharos from ancient Patara’s port
The case of the missing antipharos from ancient Patara’s port
Journal Article

The case of the missing antipharos from ancient Patara’s port

2025
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Overview
In the major port city of Patara on the southern coast of Roman Asia Minor, excavations unearthed a pharos (lighthouse) with an inscription that referred to an antipharos (a structure ‘opposite’ the lighthouse). It is unknown where the antipharos stood in Patara’s harbour, and scholars’ brief speculations about its location all assume that the antipharos was a second lighthouse. Yet a number of factors combine to suggest that there was only one pharos at Patara, including cautious Roman nocturnal sailing practices, the norm of single lighthouses in the ancient world, evidence of the pharos’ high visibility, and the only other instance of the word antipharos referring to something other than an operating lighthouse. Instead, the antipharos was probably either an unlit tower or a beacon instead of a lighthouse. I establish six possible locations for such an antipharos, and consider their likelihood based on how they might have ameliorated dangers to sailors entering the harbour. While there is not enough evidence to be completely confident, a rock islet that was in the middle of ancient Patara’s harbour emerges as the most probable location for the antipharos. The choice to build both a pharos and an antipharos, and where to place them, can illuminate the decision processes behind Roman harbour construction and the currently little-understood meaning of the word antipharos in antiquity. Roma Anadolu’sunun güney kıyısındaki önemli liman şehri Patara’da yapılan kazılarda, üzerinde antipharos (fener kulesinin ‘karşısında’ bulunan bir yapı) yazılı bir pharos (deniz feneri) ortaya çıkarılmıştır. Antipharos’un Patara limanında nerede bulunduğu bilinmemektedir ve akademisyenlerin konuyla ilgili kısa spekülasyonları, antipharos’un ikinci bir deniz feneri olduğu üzerinedir. Ancak çeşitli faktörler, Patara’da yalnızca tek bir pharos bulunduğunu düşündürmektedir. Bunlar arasında Roma’nın temkinli gece seyir yöntemleri, antik dünyada tek deniz feneri normunun yaygın olması, pharos’un yüksek görünürlüğüne dair kanıtlar ve antipharos kelimesinin bilinen tek diğer kullanımında faal bir deniz feneri dışındaki bir yapıyı ifade etmesi yer almaktadır. Buna göre, antipharos bir deniz feneri değil, muhtemelen aydınlatılmamış bir kule ya da bir işaret kulesiydi. Bu makale, söz konusu antipharos için altı olası konum belirlemektedir. Bu konumların doğruluğunun test edilmesi, limana giren denizciler için oluşabilecek olası tehlikeleri azaltmadaki etkileri göz önünde bulundurularak gerçekleştirilmiştir. Kesin bir sonuca varmak için yeterli kanıt bulunmamakla birlikte, antik Patara limanının ortasında yer alan bir kaya adacığı, antipharos için en olası konum olarak öne çıkmaktadır. Aynı zamanda bir pharos ve antipharos inşa etme ve bunların nereye konumlandırılacağı kararı, Roma liman inşa süreçlerini ve antik çağda antipharos kelimesinin bugün hâlâ tam olarak anlaşılmamış anlamını aydınlatabilir.
Publisher
Cambridge University Press