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A rate-dependent two-dimensional free energy model for ferroelectric single crystals
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A rate-dependent two-dimensional free energy model for ferroelectric single crystals
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Journal Article
A rate-dependent two-dimensional free energy model for ferroelectric single crystals
2005
Overview
The one-dimensional free energy model for ferroelectric materials developed by Smith et al. [29-31] is generalized to two dimensions. The two-dimensional free energy potential proposed in this paper consists of four energy wells that correspond to four variants of the material. The wells are separated by four saddle points, representing the barriers for 90 degrees-switching processes, and a local maximum, across which 180 degrees-switching processes take place. The free energy potential is combined with evolution equations for the variant fractions based on the theory of thermally activated processes. The model is compared to recent measurements on BaTiO 3 single crystals by Burcsu et al. [8], and predicitions are made concerning the response to the application of in-plane multi-axial electric fields at various frequencies and loading directions. The kinetics of the 90 degrees- and 180 degrees-switching processes are discussed in detail.[PUBLICATION ABSTRACT]
Publisher
Springer Nature B.V
Subject
