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SKELETAL STRESS MARKERS AND SUBSISTENCE STRATEGY IN PREHISTORIC CHILEAN POPULATIONS OF THE SEMI-ARID NORTH
SKELETAL STRESS MARKERS AND SUBSISTENCE STRATEGY IN PREHISTORIC CHILEAN POPULATIONS OF THE SEMI-ARID NORTH
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SKELETAL STRESS MARKERS AND SUBSISTENCE STRATEGY IN PREHISTORIC CHILEAN POPULATIONS OF THE SEMI-ARID NORTH
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SKELETAL STRESS MARKERS AND SUBSISTENCE STRATEGY IN PREHISTORIC CHILEAN POPULATIONS OF THE SEMI-ARID NORTH
SKELETAL STRESS MARKERS AND SUBSISTENCE STRATEGY IN PREHISTORIC CHILEAN POPULATIONS OF THE SEMI-ARID NORTH

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SKELETAL STRESS MARKERS AND SUBSISTENCE STRATEGY IN PREHISTORIC CHILEAN POPULATIONS OF THE SEMI-ARID NORTH
SKELETAL STRESS MARKERS AND SUBSISTENCE STRATEGY IN PREHISTORIC CHILEAN POPULATIONS OF THE SEMI-ARID NORTH
Journal Article

SKELETAL STRESS MARKERS AND SUBSISTENCE STRATEGY IN PREHISTORIC CHILEAN POPULATIONS OF THE SEMI-ARID NORTH

2019
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Overview
Human skeletal remains from prehistoric Chile’s semi-arid north were analyzed using the Western Hemisphere Health Index to ascertain if subsistence change from gathering/hunting to agriculture was accompanied by a decline in physiological stress as measured by common skeletal stress markers for these coastal populations. Individuals analyzed dated to the Archaic (c. 7000 BC-200 AD, n=95) and Diaguita (c. 1000-1536 AD, n=75) periods. The Archaic individuals practiced gathering and hunting subsistence, relying on desert and ocean resources. The Diaguita practiced a subsistence strategy including agriculture, food collecting from the Pacific, and camelid pastoralism. As per health index methodology, seven indicators were scored (stature, linear enamel hypoplasia, dental disease, cribra orbitalia/porotic hyperostosis, infection, degenerative joint disease, and trauma). Results indicated equal health index values for both samples, although there were some differences in individual indicator values. The risk of having any pathology did not increase with age-at-death. Essentially, health as measured by common stress markers did not vary substantially after subsistence change. Such results are further evidence that the hypothesis of a health decline after subsistence change to agriculture is not always demonstrated, and it is important to elucidate what buffering variables beyond diet, to include cultural adaptations, may be at play. Los restos de esqueletos humanos del norte semiárido de Chile prehistórico fueron analizados utilizando el Índice de Salud del Hemisferio Occidental para comprobar si el cambio de subsistencia de la recolección/caza a la agricultura estuvo acompañado por una disminución en el estrés fisiológico de acuerdo con la medición realizada por marcadores de estrés esquelético comunes para estas poblaciones costeras. Los individuos analizados datan de los periodos Arcaico (c. 7000 AC-200 DC, n = 95) y Diaguita (c. 1000 - 1536 DC, n = 75). Los individuos Arcaicos practicaron la recolección y la caza para subsistir, dependiendo de los recursos del desierto y del océano. Los Diaguita practicaron una estrategia de subsistencia que incluía la agricultura, la recolección de alimentos del Pacífico y el pastoreo de camélidos. Según la metodología del índice de salud, se midieron siete indicadores (estatura, hipoplasia lineal del esmalte, enfermedad dental, cribra orbitalia/hiperostosis porótica, infección, enfermedad degenerativa de las articulaciones y trauma). Los resultados dieron valores de índice de salud iguales para ambas muestras, aunque hubo algunas diferencias en los valores del indicador individual. El riesgo de padecer cualquier patología no aumentó con la edad al momento de la muerte. Esencialmente, la salud medida por los marcadores de estrés comunes no varió sustancialmente después del cambio de subsistencia. Tales resultados constituyen evidencia adicional de que no siempre se demuestra la hipótesis de un deterioro en la salud después del cambio de subsistencia a la agricultura, y de que es importante dilucidar qué variables amortiguadoras más allá de la dieta, para incluir adaptaciones culturales, puedan estar en juego.