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Silicon supplementation mitigates the effects of infestation of corn leaf aphid, Rhopalosiphum maidis Fitch (Hemiptera: Aphididae)
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Silicon supplementation mitigates the effects of infestation of corn leaf aphid, Rhopalosiphum maidis Fitch (Hemiptera: Aphididae)
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Silicon supplementation mitigates the effects of infestation of corn leaf aphid, Rhopalosiphum maidis Fitch (Hemiptera: Aphididae)
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Journal Article
Silicon supplementation mitigates the effects of infestation of corn leaf aphid, Rhopalosiphum maidis Fitch (Hemiptera: Aphididae)
2025
Overview
Corn leaf aphid,
Rhopaloshium maidis
Fitch (Hemiptera: Aphididae), is a prevalent maize pest, causing significant yield losses by affecting all crop stages. To mitigate such losses, current management relies on the application of chemical insecticides, posing environmental degradation risks and promoting insecticide-resistant aphid populations. These challenges necessitate the development of environment friendly and effective alternatives. One such promising alternative is silicon (Si) supplementation, which alleviates a variety of abiotic and biotic stresses in plants including insect herbivory, though it’s specific effects on corn leaf aphids are poorly understood. Against this back drop, this study investigated the effect of Si supplementation in mitigating corn leaf aphid infestations in maize. Plants were treated with three Si doses (T1: 500, T2: 750 and T3: 1000 mg L⁻
1
) and infested by corn leaf aphids. Then, performance of aphids was determined by measuring their feeding preferences, fecundity and mortality rates. Si accumulation in maize plants was also determined, with the highest concentration observed in T3 plants, followed by T2 and T1 plants. Correspondingly, aphid number were lowest in T3 (0.65 in free-choice and 0.30 in paired-choice tests) and T2 (0.78 in free-choice and 0.40 in paired-choice tests). Aphid fecundity was significantly reduced in T3 (6.85 nymphs, representing a 78.94% reduction compared to the control) and aphid mortality was highest in T3 (43.3%), and T2 (30.0%). Si supplementation also enhanced antioxidant enzyme activities (superoxide dismutase, catalase and peroxidase) contributing to increased plant resistance against aphid infestation. The results indicate that Si application effectively reduces corn leaf aphid infestation and represents a sustainable strategy for maize pest management.
