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Trichomonas vaginalis Infection Induces Vaginal CD4⁺ T-Cell Infiltration in a Mouse Model: A Vaccine Strategy to Reduce Vaginal Infection and HIV Transmission
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Trichomonas vaginalis Infection Induces Vaginal CD4⁺ T-Cell Infiltration in a Mouse Model: A Vaccine Strategy to Reduce Vaginal Infection and HIV Transmission
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Journal Article
Trichomonas vaginalis Infection Induces Vaginal CD4⁺ T-Cell Infiltration in a Mouse Model: A Vaccine Strategy to Reduce Vaginal Infection and HIV Transmission
2015
Overview
Background. Complications related to the diagnosis and treatment of Trichomonas vaginalis infection, as well as the association between T. vaginalis infection and increased transmission of and susceptibility to human immunodeficiency virus, highlight the need for alternative interventions. We tested a human-safe, aluminum hydroxideadjuvanted whole-cell T. vaginalis vaccine for efficacy in a BALB/c mouse model of vaginal infection. Methods. A whole-cell T. vaginalis vaccine was administered subcutaneously to BALB/c mice, using a primeboost vaccination schedule. CD4⁺ T-cell infiltration in the murine vaginal tissue and local and systemic levels of immunoglobulins were measured at time points up to 4 weeks following infection. Results. Vaccination reduced the incidence and increased the clearance of T. vaginalis infection and induced both systemic and local humoral immune responses. CD4⁺ T cells were detected in vaginal tissues following intravaginal infection with T. vaginalis but were not seen in uninfected mice. The presence of CD4⁺ T cells following T. vaginalis infection can potentially increase susceptibility to and transmission of human immunodeficiency virus. Conclusions. The vaccine induces local and systemic immune responses and confers significantly greater protection against vaginal infection than seen in unvaccinated mice (P < .005). These data support the potential for a human vaccine against T. vaginalis infection that could also influence the incidence of human immunodeficiency virus infection.
Publisher
Oxford University Press
Subject
/ Antibodies, Protozoan - metabolism
/ CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes - immunology
/ Female
/ HIV Infections - prevention & control
/ HIV Infections - transmission
/ Humans
/ Protozoan Vaccines - administration & dosage
/ Trichomonas vaginalis - immunology
/ Trichomonas Vaginitis - immunology
/ Trichomonas Vaginitis - metabolism
