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Providing aged parasitoids can enhance the mass-rearing efficiency of Telenomus remus, a dominant egg parasitoid of Spodoptera frugiperda, on Spodoptera litura eggs
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Providing aged parasitoids can enhance the mass-rearing efficiency of Telenomus remus, a dominant egg parasitoid of Spodoptera frugiperda, on Spodoptera litura eggs
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Providing aged parasitoids can enhance the mass-rearing efficiency of Telenomus remus, a dominant egg parasitoid of Spodoptera frugiperda, on Spodoptera litura eggs
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Journal Article
Providing aged parasitoids can enhance the mass-rearing efficiency of Telenomus remus, a dominant egg parasitoid of Spodoptera frugiperda, on Spodoptera litura eggs
2023
Overview
Telenomus remus
(Nixon) is an egg parasitoid of several
Spodoptera
spp. insects, especially the destructive agricultural pest
Spodoptera frugiperda
(J. E. Smith). Studies showed that this parasitoid can be efficiently reared on
Spodoptera litura
(Fabricius) eggs. Understanding the relationship among parasitoid age, host egg age, and parasitism efficiency is an important part of mass-rearing biological control agents. To this end, we measured the impacts of female
T. remus
age (1-, 2-, 3-, and 4-day-old),
S. litura
egg age (1-, 2-, and 3-day-old), and their interactions on parasitism capacity, developmental time, offspring fitness, and oviposition behavior. The results indicated that the 3-day-old and 4-day-old parasitoids had higher parasitism performance on all age eggs than 1-day-old and 2-day-old parasitoids, especially on 3-day-old eggs. The number of parasitized eggs decreased as egg age increased, and the developmental time of the progeny increased. The emergence rate and percentage of females were hardly affected. For oviposition behavior, 4-day-old parasitoids showed the same drumming and oviposition time on different age eggs, while for others the drumming, drilling, oviposition, and total time increased with increasing
S. litura
egg age. In summary, the optimal combinations were 3-day-old or 4-day-old female parasitoids and 1-day-old or 2-day-old
S. litura
eggs. The findings presented in this study can be employed to enhance
T. remus
mass-rearing efficiency and availability.
