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Green Extracts of Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn. (Lotus): Promising Alternatives for Spodoptera litura (Fab.) Management Through Chemical Profiling and Insecticidal Evaluation
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Journal Article
Green Extracts of Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn. (Lotus): Promising Alternatives for Spodoptera litura (Fab.) Management Through Chemical Profiling and Insecticidal Evaluation
2025
Overview
This study delves into the potential insecticidal properties of
Nelumbo nucifera
(Lotus) against the cutworm
Spodoptera litura
L., a significant agricultural pest. Analysis of the chemical profile of
N. nucifera
revealed that the peak area was highest for 6a-. beta. -Aporphine, 1,2-dimethoxy- (33.79%), followed by n-Hexadecanoic acid (21.14%). Notably, larval mortality was most pronounced at the peak dosage of
N. nucifera
(2.5 mg/L) on the second (96%), third (87%), and fourth (85%) instars. Additionally, sub-lethal dosages of
N. nucifera
(1.5 milligrams per liter) significantly hindered the growth of
S. litura
by extending the larval and pupal durations while also reducing fecundity and Oviposition rates in a dose-dependent manner. Furthermore, exposure to sub-lethal dosages of
N. nucifera
led to both inhibition and upregulation of major enzymes (esterases, CYP450 and GST). Severe damage as well as dysregulation of midgut tissues were observed in fourth instars of
S. litura
exposed to
N. nucifera
(2.5 milligrams per liter). Moreover, our results indicate that
N. nucifera
extracts pose no harm to soil earthworms and beneficial honey bees, as confirmed through in vitro assays and in silico predictions, respectively. Overall, these findings offer promising prospects for the development of new bio-based agents for targeting and managing the lepidopteran pest
S. litura
.
Publisher
Springer Netherlands,Springer Nature B.V
Subject
