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Report on Tests and Measurements of Hadronic Interaction Properties with Air Showers

by Troitsky, S. , Takeishi, R. , Müller, S. , Kalmykov, N.N. , Sako, T. , Thompson, G. , Ivanov, D. , Riehn, F. , Pierog, T. , Itow, Y. , Cazon, L. , Soldin, D. , Yashin, I. , Roth, M. , Zhezher, Y. , Zadeba, E. , Arteaga-Velázquez, J.C. , Conceição, R. , Dembinski, H.P. , Karpikov, I. , Gonzalez, J.

in Computer simulation / Cosmic ray showers / Experiments / Interaction models / Muons

2019

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Report on Tests and Measurements of Hadronic Interaction Properties with Air Showers

in Computer simulation / Cosmic ray showers / Experiments / Interaction models / Muons

2019

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Report on Tests and Measurements of Hadronic Interaction Properties with Air Showers

in Computer simulation / Cosmic ray showers / Experiments / Interaction models / Muons

2019

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Journal Article

Report on Tests and Measurements of Hadronic Interaction Properties with Air Showers

Troitsky, S.,

Takeishi, R.,

Müller, S.,

Kalmykov, N.N.,

Sako, T.,

Thompson, G.,

Ivanov, D.,

Riehn, F.,

Pierog, T.,

Itow, Y.,

Cazon, L.,

Soldin, D.,

Yashin, I.,

Roth, M.,

Zhezher, Y.,

Zadeba, E.,

Arteaga-Velázquez, J.C.,

Conceição, R.,

Dembinski, H.P.,

Karpikov, I.,

Gonzalez, J.

2019

Overview

We present a summary of recent tests and measurements of hadronic interaction properties with air showers. This report has a special focus on muon density measurements. Several experiments reported deviations between simulated and recorded muon densities in extensive air showers, while others reported no discrepancies. We combine data from eight leading air shower experiments to cover shower energies from PeV to tens of EeV. Data are combined using the z -scale, a unified reference scale based on simulated air showers. Energy-scales of experiments are cross-calibrated. Above 10 PeV, we find a muon deficit in simulated air showers for each of the six considered hadronic interaction models. The deficit is increasing with shower energy. For the models EPOS-LHC and QGSJet-II.04, the slope is found significant at 8 sigma.

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Publisher

EDP Sciences

Subject

/ Muons