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Mooring Observations of Typhoon Trami (2024)-Induced Upper-Ocean Variability: Diapycnal Mixing and Internal Wave Energy Characteristics
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Mooring Observations of Typhoon Trami (2024)-Induced Upper-Ocean Variability: Diapycnal Mixing and Internal Wave Energy Characteristics
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Journal Article
Mooring Observations of Typhoon Trami (2024)-Induced Upper-Ocean Variability: Diapycnal Mixing and Internal Wave Energy Characteristics
2025
Overview
High-resolution mooring observations captured diverse upper-ocean responses during typhoon passage, showing strong agreement with satellite-derived sea surface temperature and salinity. Analysis indicates that significant wind-induced mixing drove pronounced near-surface cooling and salinity increases at the mooring site. This mixing enhancement was predominantly governed by rapid intensification of near-inertial shear in the surface layer, revealed by mooring observations. Unlike shear instability, near-inertial horizontal kinetic energy displays a unique vertical distribution, decreasing with depth before rising again. Interestingly, the subsurface peak in diurnal tidal energy coincides vertically with the minimum in near-inertial energy. While both barotropic tidal forcing and stratification changes negligibly influence diurnal tidal energy emergence, significant energy transfer occurs from near-inertial internal waves to the diurnal tide. This finding highlights a critical tide–wave interaction process and demonstrates energy cascading within the oceanic internal wave spectrum.
Publisher
MDPI AG
Subject
/ Cooling
/ Cyclones
/ Datasets
/ Diurnal
/ Kelvin-Helmholtz instability
/ Salinity
/ the Northern South China Sea
/ Typhoons
/ Velocity
/ Wind
