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Help whom and help what? Intergenerational co-residence and the gender differences in time use among dual-earner households in Beijing, China
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Help whom and help what? Intergenerational co-residence and the gender differences in time use among dual-earner households in Beijing, China
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Journal Article
Help whom and help what? Intergenerational co-residence and the gender differences in time use among dual-earner households in Beijing, China
2019
Overview
An extensive literature has documented the conflict between employment and household responsibilities and its impacts on the gendered patterns of daily activities in dual-earner households. However, most studies have focused exclusively on the division of household labour in nuclear households, with insufficient attention paid to the impact of alternative household strategies such as co-residence with extended family members. This article investigates the extent to which the presence of elderly parents shifts gendered activity patterns and even reduces the gender inequality in time use in urban China. By drawing on an activity diary survey conducted in Beijing in 2012, we compare and contrast the gendered patterns in time use between nuclear family households and extended family households. We find that co-residence mitigates the tension between employment and household responsibilities for women and leads to greater gender equality in the division of household labour and a reduced gender gap in the time spent on employment. However, coresidence only enables women to shift their time allocation from household responsibilities to employment rather than to pursue discretionary activities, and therefore its positive role is limited. We further discuss the policy implications given the limitations of intergenerational co-residence as an individual-based solution for childcare and other social services in transitional urban China.
大量文献记录了就业和家庭责任之间的冲突及其对双收入家庭日常活动性别模式的影响。然而，大多数研究都专注于核心家庭中的家庭劳动分工，而对其他家庭策略的影响则没有给予足够的重视，例如与扩张家庭成员共同居住的家庭策略。本文探讨了老年父母的同住在多大程度上改变了性别活动模式，甚至减少了中国城市家庭时间使用中的性别不平等。利用2012年在北京进行的活动日记调查，我们比较和对比核心家庭和扩张家庭之间的性别时间使用模式。我们发现，共同居住减轻了妇女就业和家庭责任之间的紧张关系，使得家庭分工中在性别方面更加平等，并且缩小了就业时间方面的性别差距。然而，共同居住只能使妇女将时间分配从家庭责任转移到就业，而不是追求兴趣活动，因此其积极作用是有限的。我们进一步讨论了政策含义，因为代际共同居住具有局限性，它是中国转型城市中基于个人选择的儿童保育和其他社会服务解决方案。
