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Study of the differential active components and anti-proliferative effects of Gardenia jasminoides J.Ellis at different harvesting periods
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Study of the differential active components and anti-proliferative effects of Gardenia jasminoides J.Ellis at different harvesting periods
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Journal Article
Study of the differential active components and anti-proliferative effects of Gardenia jasminoides J.Ellis at different harvesting periods
2026
Overview
ObjectiveTo investigate the quality standards and anti-proliferative effects of Gardenia jasminoides J.Ellis (GJE) at different harvesting periods, and to determine the optimal harvesting time for anti-cancer applications.MethodsA fast, simple, and accurate analytical method was established using UFLC/Q-TOF-MS technology in positive and negative ion modes to identify differential components in GJE samples collected at seven harvesting periods. The anti-proliferative effects of GJE extracts were evaluated against MCF7 breast cancer and HepG2 hepatocellular carcinoma cell lines using MTT assay.ResultsA total of 52 components were successfully identified from GJE samples, including iridoid glycosides, flavonoids, and phenolic acids. GJE demonstrated stronger anti-proliferative effects against HepG2 cells compared to MCF7 cells. The anti-proliferative activity increased progressively with fruit maturation, reaching peak efficacy at stages 5–6 (orange-red to red fruits) and declining at stage 7 (overripe dark red fruits). Most iridoid glycosides, flavonoids and phenolic acids showed increasing trends during the growth process, correlating with enhanced anti-proliferative effects.ConclusionGJE may serve as a potential source for developing anti-cancer therapeutic agents due to its demonstrated anti-proliferative activity. The mature fruits at stages 5–6 are most suitable for anti-cancer applications, providing scientific guidance for optimal harvesting time and quality standardization of GJE as a medicinal material.
Publisher
Frontiers Media SA,Frontiers Media S.A
