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Temporal species turnover and plant community changes across different habitats in the Lake Engure Nature Park, Latvia
Temporal species turnover and plant community changes across different habitats in the Lake Engure Nature Park, Latvia
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Temporal species turnover and plant community changes across different habitats in the Lake Engure Nature Park, Latvia
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Temporal species turnover and plant community changes across different habitats in the Lake Engure Nature Park, Latvia
Temporal species turnover and plant community changes across different habitats in the Lake Engure Nature Park, Latvia
Journal Article

Temporal species turnover and plant community changes across different habitats in the Lake Engure Nature Park, Latvia

2014
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Overview
Veģetācijas dinamikas izpētē reti ir gadījumi, kad monitoringu vienlaicīgi veic vairākās atšķirīgās ekosistēmās. Tomēr šāda veida pētījumi ļauj padziļināti izprast veģetācijas struktūras un pazīmju izmaiņu mehānismus. Šajā pētījumā aplūkotas lakstaugu stāva izmaiņas, sugu aprite un sugu skaita-laika attiecība dažādu biotopu griezumā 12 gadu periodā ILTER monitoringa stacijā Engures ezera dabas parkā. Sugu aprite laikā definēta kā atšķirība sugu sastāvā starp diviem laika periodiem. Sugu skaita-laika attiecība tika novērtēta, izmantojot slīdošo logu pieeju. Detrendētā korespondentanalīze izmantota, lai noskaidrotu ikgadējās izmaiņas sugu sastāvā. Sugu skaits un kumulatīvais skaits, kā arī daudzveidība izteiktāk mainījās sugām bagātākajos nemeža biotopos, bet mazāk - meža biotopos. Sugu aprite stipri atšķīrās starp biotopiem, un tā nebija saistīta ar biotopu stabilitāti, kā tas konstatēts citos līdzīgos pētījumos. Sugu skaita-laika attiecība sešos biotopos bija stipri zemāka, nekā minēts līdz šim publicētos pētījumos. Tas varētu būt skaidrojams ar kopējo platuma grādu sugu daudzveidības gradientu, jo līdzšinējie pētījumi veikti galvenokārt zemajos platuma grādos, bet šajā pētījumā apskatītie biotopi reprezentē boreālo zonu. Augstajos platuma grādos gan sugu daudzveidība, gan aprite ir zemāka nekā zemajos platuma grādos. Veģetācijas dinamika nabadzīgā zālājā skābā augsnē, starpkāpu ieplakā, zāļu purvā un kāpu mežā interpretējama kā fluktuācijas. Sausā un mitrā mežā un piejūras zālājā bija novērojamas veģetācijas virzītas izmaiņas jeb sukcesija (attiecīgi - kserofitizācija, sugu sastāva nomaiņa un aizaugšana). Pludmales veģetācijas izmaiņās konstatētas gan dabiskas sukcesijas pazīmes (veģetācijas saslēgšanās), gan antropogēni izraisītu fluktuāciju pazīmes. Simultaneous monitoring of vegetation dynamics in different ecosystems has been rarely conducted but can provide important insights into mechanisms of vegetation dynamics in relation to vegetation structure and patterns. We compared the herb layer dynamics, species turnover, and species-time relationships across different habitats in a 12-year period in the ILTER monitoring station of the Lake Engure Nature Park, Latvia. Temporal species turnover was defined as difference in species composition in a community between two times. Species-time relationships were assessed using a sliding window approach. Species richness, cumulative species richness, and diversity changed more in species-rich non-forest habitats than in forests. Species turnover was highly different among habitats, and was not associated with the stability of habitats, as reported from other studies. The species-time relationship of six habitats was much lower than that reported in the literature. This could be explained by latitudinal gradients in species diversity and temporal turnover. At higher latitudes both species diversity and turnover is lower, and the mentioned habitats represent typical boreal vegetation. Vegetation dynamics in acidic grassland, dune slack, fen, and dune forest were interpreted as fluctuations. Vegetation changes in moist forest, dry forest, and coastal grassland showed clear signs of succession (xerophytisation and overgrowing). Vegetation dynamics of the beach community exhibited features of both natural succession and anthropogenic fluctuation.