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Long-Term Spatial–Temporal Characterization of Cloud-to-Ground Lightning in the Metropolitan Region of Rio de Janeiro
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Long-Term Spatial–Temporal Characterization of Cloud-to-Ground Lightning in the Metropolitan Region of Rio de Janeiro
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Long-Term Spatial–Temporal Characterization of Cloud-to-Ground Lightning in the Metropolitan Region of Rio de Janeiro
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Journal Article
Long-Term Spatial–Temporal Characterization of Cloud-to-Ground Lightning in the Metropolitan Region of Rio de Janeiro
2019
Overview
Remote-sensing techniques are currently the only means of collecting information to monitor the atmospheric dynamics of lightning from the regional to the national scales, allowing for the generation of homogeneous and long time series. Attempts to characterize the impacts of atmospheric discharge in Brazil presuppose an understanding of spatial and temporal lightning patterns. Despite the high frequency of lightning and significant disturbances caused in highly populated regions such as the metropolitan region of Rio de Janeiro (MRRJ), these phenomena are not well characterized when using a long-term contemporaneous dataset. Accordingly, this work focuses on the spatial and temporal variability of cloud-to-ground lightning in the metropolitan region of Rio de Janeiro, an area affected by a high level of atmospheric discharge every year. We performed a statistical analysis of lightning data taken from a lightning location system for the 16-year period of 2001–2016 and analysed characteristics such as polarity, peak currents, geographic distributions and diurnal, intra- and inter-annual variability. Extremely high levels of high activity were observed from 258,794 cloud-to-ground lightning events recorded over the analysed period and for 64.3% events occurring in summer, 20.5% events occurring in spring and 12.9%, and 2.3% events occurring in autumn and winter. The discharge events were predominantly negative (93.54% of the total). Peak levels of electrical activity were observed from roughly 18:00 to 19:00 local time, when there is more potential energy available for convection. The results of the spatial analysis reveal that most lightning observed over Rio de Janeiro derived from the orographic effect, which spurs the formation of convective storms along the southern part of the slope.
