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Quadrastichus mendeli (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) parasitizing Leptocybe invasa (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) on Eucalyptus spp. Seedlings
Quadrastichus mendeli (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) parasitizing Leptocybe invasa (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) on Eucalyptus spp. Seedlings
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Quadrastichus mendeli (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) parasitizing Leptocybe invasa (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) on Eucalyptus spp. Seedlings
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Quadrastichus mendeli (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) parasitizing Leptocybe invasa (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) on Eucalyptus spp. Seedlings
Quadrastichus mendeli (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) parasitizing Leptocybe invasa (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) on Eucalyptus spp. Seedlings

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Quadrastichus mendeli (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) parasitizing Leptocybe invasa (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) on Eucalyptus spp. Seedlings
Quadrastichus mendeli (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) parasitizing Leptocybe invasa (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) on Eucalyptus spp. Seedlings
Journal Article

Quadrastichus mendeli (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) parasitizing Leptocybe invasa (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) on Eucalyptus spp. Seedlings

2025
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Overview
Abstract Galls by Leptocybe invasa Fisher & La Salle (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) reduce the productivity of Eucalyptus spp. plantations and Quadrastichus mendeli Kim & La Salle (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) parasitizes this pest. This study aimed to evaluate, under laboratory conditions, two biological control strategies against Leptocybe invasa using the parasitoid Quadrastichus mendeli: (i) inundative biological control (referred to here as applied biological control), consisting of the release of five mated females per seedling, and (ii) natural biological control, representing the action of naturally occurring populations of the parasitoid already established in the environment. Ninety-day-old seedlings of the clone 3025 (Eucalyptus grandis × E. camaldulensis), naturally infested by L. invasa, were placed individually in cages under controlled conditions (25 ± 2 °C; 70 ± 10% RH; 12 h photoperiod) in a completely randomized design with 22 replicates per treatment. The number of insects was adjusted using zero-inflated mixed nonlinear regression models. The emergence of L. invasa adults (p>0.05) was similar between treatments, but that of Q. mendeli greater with the release of five females of this natural enemy per seedling compared to the applied biological control. The controlled release of Q. mendeli reduced L. invasa damage on Eucalyptus seedlings, increasing the importance of applied biological control to manage this pest in cultivated forests. Resumo Galhas formadas por Leptocybe invasa Fisher & La Salle (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) reduzem a produtividade de plantações de Eucalyptus spp., e Quadrastichus mendeli Kim & La Salle (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) parasita essa praga. Este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar, em condições laboratoriais, duas estratégias de controle biológico contra Leptocybe invasa utilizando o parasitoide Quadrastichus mendeli: (i) controle biológico inundativo (denominado aqui como controle biológico aplicado), consistindo na liberação de cinco fêmeas acasaladas por muda, e (ii) controle biológico clássico, representando a ação de populações naturalmente ocorrentes do parasitoide já estabelecidas no ambiente. Mudas com 90 dias de idade do clone 3025 (Eucalyptus grandis × E. camaldulensis), naturalmente infestadas por L. invasa, foram colocadas individualmente em gaiolas sob condições controladas (25 ± 2 °C; 70 ± 10% UR; fotoperíodo de 12 h) em delineamento inteiramente casualizado, com 22 repetições por tratamento. O número de insetos foi ajustado por meio de modelos de regressão não linear mistos com inflação de zeros. A emergência de adultos de L. invasa (p>0,05) foi semelhante entre os tratamentos, mas a de Q. mendeli foi maior com a liberação de cinco fêmeas desse inimigo natural por muda, em comparação ao controle biológico aplicado. A liberação controlada de Q. mendeli reduziu os danos causados por L. invasa em mudas de Eucalyptus, ressaltando a importância do controle biológico aplicado para o manejo dessa praga em florestas cultivadas.