Journal Article

Soil properties that affect the adsorption of ΦITL-1 and ΦRSP bacteriophages

Treviño-Quintanilla, L. G, Hernández-Romano, J, Guadarrama-Pérez, V. H, Carrillo-Morales, M, Robledo-Pérez, R. M, Guadarrama-Pérez, O

2024

Overview

PurposeIdentify soil properties involved in the adsorption of the bacteriophages (phages) ΦITL-1 and ΦRSP, analyzing different soils and substrates used for greenhouse tomato crops.MethodsSoil samples were collected from greenhouses in Mexico Central, and soil properties were obtained using the NOM-021-RECNAT-2000. For phage adsorption, soil or substrate was mixed with a phage solution, using three different Water Retention Capacity (WRC) levels, incubated under shaking to room temperature, and finally, the plaque-forming units were counted for each phage by titration.ResultsThe phage elution counts showed that the amount of aqueous solution in the mixture is inversely related to the number of viral particles adsorbed on the soil. Furthermore, the soils with a sandy texture had lower adsorption of phages in comparison with the rest of the soils analyzed, which have clay, clay loam, and sandy loam textures. A correlation analysis showed that soil pH and texture are the properties that most influenced phage adsorption. Finally, a principal component analysis showed that Cation Exchange Capacity (CEC) has a direct relationship with phage adsorption.ConclusionIn the present study, we demonstrated that soil texture, pH, CEC, and WRC are determinant variables that affect the adsorption of R. solanacearum phages ΦITL-1 and ΦRSP. Furthermore, we propose that the responsible mechanism may be due to the richness of cations in the soil, which could imply an electrostatic interaction with some exposed phage proteins. These results highlight the influence of soil properties on biocontrol strategies based on phages, which try to reduce the impact of soil-borne bacterial phytopathogens.

• Publisher: Springer Nature B.V
• Subject: Adsorption / Aqueous solutions / Bacteriophages / Biological control / Cation exchange / Cation exchanging / Cations / Clay / Clay loam / Clay soils / Correlation analysis / Electrostatic properties / Exchange capacity / Greenhouses / Loam / Phages / Principal components analysis / Retention capacity / Room temperature / Sandy loam / Sandy soils / Shaking / Soil analysis / Soil chemistry / Soil microorganisms / Soil mixtures / Soil pH / Soil properties / Soil temperature / Soil texture / Substrates / Texture / Titration / Tomatoes