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Hydrochemical and stable isotope data of water in karst aquifers during normal flow in South Africa
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Hydrochemical and stable isotope data of water in karst aquifers during normal flow in South Africa
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Journal Article
Hydrochemical and stable isotope data of water in karst aquifers during normal flow in South Africa
2021
Overview
The dolomite aquifer in Witwatersrand is one of the most important water resources in South Africa. The present paper aims to evaluate the hydrochemical and isotope (δ2H and δ18O) signature of water (n = 36) (groundwaters, surface waters, dams, springs, canal, cave and pipeline) of the Wonderfonteinspruit (WFS). These samples were analysed for the first time in the Centre for Water Sciences and Management (South Africa). The dominant anions are SO42− and Cl−, while the dominant cations are Ca2+ followed by Mg+, Na+ and K+. A Piper diagram showed that there are two principal hydrochemical facies (1) Ca–Mg–Cl–SO4; (2) Ca–Mg–HCO3 in the study area. Bivariate plots revealed that the main hydrogeochemical processes influencing the water are water–rock interaction, mineral precipitation/dissolution, ions exchange and anthropogenic activities. The local meteoric water line (LMWL) was plotted for the first time for the WFS catchment based on precipitation data during six periods (November 2018 until June 2019) with the following equation δ2H = 7.39 * δ18O + 7.9‰ (R2 = 0.85). The results of stable isotopes (δ2H and δ18O) indicated that the water points from local precipitation and recent water, and the groundwater recharge is influenced by rapid infiltration river flow and return irrigation flow.
