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Removal of structurally different textile dyes from water by adsorption onto biomass of non-viable Chlorella sorokiniana strain HIN-3: Kinetics and adsorption isotherms
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Removal of structurally different textile dyes from water by adsorption onto biomass of non-viable Chlorella sorokiniana strain HIN-3: Kinetics and adsorption isotherms
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Removal of structurally different textile dyes from water by adsorption onto biomass of non-viable Chlorella sorokiniana strain HIN-3: Kinetics and adsorption isotherms
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Journal Article
Removal of structurally different textile dyes from water by adsorption onto biomass of non-viable Chlorella sorokiniana strain HIN-3: Kinetics and adsorption isotherms
2025
Overview
A huge volume of textile wastewater, laden with mutagenic dyes, is discharged into the environment without treatment. Among wastewater treatment strategies, biosorption is a highly effective, low cost and environment friendly process. This study aimed to evaluate the biosorption potential of non-viable biomass of
Chlorella sorokiniana
strain HIN-3 for various textile dyes. Firstly, the biosorption of Congo Red (direct) and Red-S3B (reactive) from water by different biosorbents was compared. Subsequently, the biosorption of seven dyes by microalgal biomass was determined. Afterward, the biosorption of dyes was measured at different temperatures (15–50°C) and biosorbent doses (0.1–2 g L
−1
). Biosorption kinetics were studied by pseudo-first-order (PFO), pseudo-second-order (PSO) and Elovich models. The equilibrium isotherms were studied for dye concentration of 25–500 mg L
−1
using Freundlich, Langmuir and Sips models. Moreover, the microalgal biomass was characterized by fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), x-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM), Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) and energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS). The algal biomass exhibited biosorption capacities of 242 and 45 mg g
−1
for Congo Red and Red-S3B, respectively, surpassing plant-based biosorbents. Additionally, the microalgal biomass effectively removed other dyes; however, its biosorption capacity for the direct type of dyes was higher. The highest biosorption capacities of algal biomass for Congo Red and Red-S3B occurred with contact time of 8 h, biosorbent dose of 2 g L
−1
and temperature of 40°C. The biosorption kinetics followed the PSO in case of Congo Red and PFO in the case of Red-S3B. Langmuir and Sips models best described the adsorption behavior of both the dyes. These models predicted the maximum biosorption capacity of algal biomass for Congo Red and Red-S3B to be 303 and 301 and 55.45 and 57.89 mg g
−1
, respectively. FTIR, SEM and BET depicted that the adsorption of the dyes by algal biomass could be attributed to the presence of various functional groups, highly porous nature and a large surface area. Thus, microalgal biomass is a highly effective biosorbent for the treatment of textile wastewater containing dyes prior to its discharge into the environment.
Publisher
Springer Netherlands,Springer Nature B.V
