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Fungal Endophytes Help Grasses to Tolerate Sap-Sucking Herbivores Through a Hormone-Signaling System
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Fungal Endophytes Help Grasses to Tolerate Sap-Sucking Herbivores Through a Hormone-Signaling System
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Journal Article
Fungal Endophytes Help Grasses to Tolerate Sap-Sucking Herbivores Through a Hormone-Signaling System
2022
Overview
Plants possess a sophisticated hormone-signaling system, which includes salicylic acid (SA) and jasmonic acid (JA), to defend themselves from herbivores. In addition, this immune system is modulated by nonpathogenic microbes that live asymptomatically within intercellular spaces of host grasses. We investigated the resistance triggered by defense hormones, and that provided by endophyte Epichloë gansuensis against aphid Rhopalosiphum padi, and how the endophyte regulates this tripartite interaction. We detected that endophyte-induced plant tolerance to the aphid feeding and exogenous SA increased plant shoot biomass, root biomass, plant length, and chlorophyll content. Endophyte colonization induces the WRKY54 factor that overrides negative effects on plant growth and possibly suppresses SA accumulation. In addition, the endophyte promotes a level of JA that is antagonistic to the SA pathway. By disabling the SA mechanism for herbivore-mediated plant growth inhibition, the endophyte induces plant tolerance to herbivory.
