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Direct imaging of the coexistence of ferromagnetism and superconductivity at the LaAlO3/SrTiO3 interface
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Direct imaging of the coexistence of ferromagnetism and superconductivity at the LaAlO3/SrTiO3 interface
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Journal Article
Direct imaging of the coexistence of ferromagnetism and superconductivity at the LaAlO3/SrTiO3 interface
2011
Overview
When the insulators lanthanum aluminate and strontium titanate are brought together, the interface between them forms a two-dimensional superconductor. Moreover, magnetic imaging of this interface shows that superconductivity and ferromagnetism coexist in separated nanoscale domains.
LaAlO
3
and SrTiO
3
are insulating, non-magnetic oxides, yet the interface between them exhibits a two-dimensional electron system with high electron mobility
1
, superconductivity at low temperatures
2
,
3
,
4
,
5
,
6
and electric-field-tuned metal–insulator and superconductor–insulator phase transitions
3
,
6
,
7
,
8
. Bulk magnetization and magnetoresistance measurements also indicate some form of magnetism depending on preparation conditions
5
,
9
,
10
,
11
and a tendency towards nanoscale electronic phase separation
10
. Here we use local imaging of the magnetization and magnetic susceptibility to directly observe a landscape of ferromagnetism, paramagnetism and superconductivity. We find submicrometre patches of ferromagnetism in a uniform background of paramagnetism, with a non-uniform, weak diamagnetic superconducting susceptibility at low temperature. These results demonstrate the existence of nanoscale phase separation as indicated by theoretical predictions based on nearly degenerate interface sub-bands associated with the Ti orbitals
12
,
13
. The magnitude and temperature dependence of the paramagnetic response indicate that the vast majority of the electrons at the interface are localized
14
, and do not contribute to transport measurements
3
,
6
,
7
. In addition to the implications for magnetism, the existence of a two-dimensional superconductor at an interface with highly broken inversion symmetry and a ferromagnetic landscape in the background indicates the potential for exotic superconducting phenomena.
Publisher
Nature Publishing Group UK,Nature Publishing Group
