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Navigating diagnostic challenges in Xeroderma Pigmentosum variant type
by
Alanay, Yasemin
, Dicle, Özlem
, Saraç, Gonca
, Şahin, Sedef
, Demirkesen, Cuyan
in
Age
/ DNA repair
/ Melanoma
/ Mutation
/ Patients
/ Radiation
/ Skin cancer
/ Squamous cell carcinoma
2025
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Navigating diagnostic challenges in Xeroderma Pigmentosum variant type
by
Alanay, Yasemin
, Dicle, Özlem
, Saraç, Gonca
, Şahin, Sedef
, Demirkesen, Cuyan
in
Age
/ DNA repair
/ Melanoma
/ Mutation
/ Patients
/ Radiation
/ Skin cancer
/ Squamous cell carcinoma
2025
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Navigating diagnostic challenges in Xeroderma Pigmentosum variant type
Journal Article
Navigating diagnostic challenges in Xeroderma Pigmentosum variant type
2025
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Overview
[LANGUAGE=”English”]Xeroderma pigmentosum (XP) is a rare autosomal recessive genodermatosis caused by mutations in the DNA repair system, leading to impaired repair of ultraviolet (UV) radiation-induced damage. XP is classified into seven nucleotide excision repair-deficient types (XPA to XPG) and a variant type (XPV). Diagnosis can be made at a later age in the XPV subtype, where sunburn reactions are known to be less severe. In this case, a 33-year-old male patient with a history of freckling that began at age 10 and basal cell carcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma in the head and neck region over the past 5 years presented with a suspicious non-pigmented 6 mm nodular lesion in the left subauricular region. Pathological examination revealed a diagnosis of malignant melanoma (MM). Concurrent genetic analysis revealed a homozygous c.491-6T>G mutation in the POLH gene, confirming a diagnosis of XPV. The mild clinical features of XP in our patient made the XPV diagnosis challenging, and the atypical dermoscopic features of the lesion complicated the clinical diagnosis of MM. It is reported that the age of onset of malignant skin tumors in XPV patients is later than in other groups, and the frequency of MM is higher. This case highlights the frequent delay in diagnosis and the diagnostic challenges of skin tumors in XPV patients.[LANGUAGE=”Turkish”]Kseroderma pigmentozum (XP), DNA onarım sistemindeki mutasyonlar nedeniyle ultraviyole ışınlarına bağlı hasarın tamirinin bozulduğu nadir bir otozomal resesif genodermatozdur. XP, yedi nükleotid eksizyon onarım eksikliği tipi (XPA’dan XPG’ye) ve bir varyant tip (XPV) olarak sınıflandırılır. Güneş yanığı reaksiyonunun daha az olduğu bilinen XPV alt tipinde tanı daha geç yaşta konulabilmektedir. Sunulmakta olan 10 yaşında başlayan çillenme, son 5 yıldır baş ve boyun bölgesinde ortaya çıkan bazal hücreli karsinom ve skuamöz hücreli karsinom öyküleri olan 33 yaşındaki erkek olguda sol subaurikular bölgede pigmente olmayan 6 mm çapında şüpheli nodüler lezyon tespit edilmiş, patolojik inceleme sonucunda malign melanom (MM) tanısı konulmuştur. Beraberinde yapılan genetik incelemede POLH geninde homozigot c.491- 6T>G mutasyonu tespit edilmiş ve hastaya XPV tanısı da konulmuştur. Olgumuzun XP’ye ait hafif klinik bulguları XPV tanısını, lezyonun atipik dermatoskopik özellikleri de klinik olarak MM tanısını zorlu kılmıştır. XPV hastalarında malign deri tümörlerinin görülme yaşı diğer gruplara göre daha geç, MM görülme sıklığının ise daha yüksek olduğu bildirilmektedir. Bu olgu, XPV hastalarında tanının gecikme sıklığını ve deri tümörlerinin tanısal zorluklarını vurgulamaktadır.
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