Journal Article

Osteogenesis imperfecta

Fassier, Francois, Montpetit, Kathleen, Semler, Oliver, Paepe, Anne De, Forlino, Antonella, Fratzl-Zelman, Nadja, Kozloff, Kenneth M., Marini, Joan C., Byers, Peter H., Bishop, Nick J., Bächinger, Hans Peter, Krakow, Deborah

2017

Overview

Skeletal deformity and bone fragility are the hallmarks of the brittle bone dysplasia osteogenesis imperfecta. The diagnosis of osteogenesis imperfecta usually depends on family history and clinical presentation characterized by a fracture (or fractures) during the prenatal period, at birth or in early childhood; genetic tests can confirm diagnosis. Osteogenesis imperfecta is caused by dominant autosomal mutations in the type I collagen coding genes ( COL1A1 and COL1A2 ) in about 85% of individuals, affecting collagen quantity or structure. In the past decade, (mostly) recessive, dominant and X-linked defects in a wide variety of genes encoding proteins involved in type I collagen synthesis, processing, secretion and post-translational modification, as well as in proteins that regulate the differentiation and activity of bone-forming cells have been shown to cause osteogenesis imperfecta. The large number of causative genes has complicated the classic classification of the disease, and although a new genetic classification system is widely used, it is still debated. Phenotypic manifestations in many organs, in addition to bone, are reported, such as abnormalities in the cardiovascular and pulmonary systems, skin fragility, muscle weakness, hearing loss and dentinogenesis imperfecta. Management involves surgical and medical treatment of skeletal abnormalities, and treatment of other complications. More innovative approaches based on gene and cell therapy, and signalling pathway alterations, are under investigation. Osteogenesis imperfecta — also known as brittle bone disease — is a heterogeneous group of inherited bone dysplasias characterized by skeletal deformity and bone fragility. In this Primer, Marini et al . provide an overview of the epidemiology, genetics, pathophysiology, diagnosis and management of osteogenesis imperfecta.

• Publisher: Nature Publishing Group UK,Nature Publishing Group
• Subject: 631/208/727/2000 / 631/80/84/750 / 692/698/1671/63 / 692/699/1670/316/799 / Bone and Bones - metabolism / Bone and Bones - pathology / Cancer Research / Child, Preschool / Collagen / Collagen - genetics / Collagen Type I - genetics / Collagen Type I - metabolism / Epidemiology / Fractures, Bone - diagnosis / Fractures, Bone - etiology / Genetic Predisposition to Disease / Genetic Testing - methods / Humans / Infant / Infant, Newborn / Internal Medicine / Medical Microbiology / Medicine / Medicine & Public Health / Mutation - genetics / Osteogenesis - genetics / Osteogenesis Imperfecta - diagnosis / Osteogenesis Imperfecta - epidemiology / Osteogenesis Imperfecta - genetics / Osteogenesis Imperfecta - physiopathology / primer / Protein Processing, Post-Translational - genetics / Quality of Life Research