Journal Article

The effects of n -3 fatty acids from flaxseed oil on genetic and metabolic profiles in patients with gestational diabetes mellitus: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial

Asemi, Zatollah, Panahandeh, Ida, Aghadavod, Esmat, Memarzadeh, Mohammad Reza, Naderi, Fatemeh, Amirani, Elaheh, Jamilian, Mehri, Reiner, Željko, Tabassi, Zohreh, Satari, Mahbobeh, Shafabakhsh, Rana, Mansournia, Mohammad Ali, Taghizadeh, Mohsen

2020

Overview

The present study was performed to evaluate the effects of n -3 fatty acids from flaxseed oil on genetic and metabolic profiles in patients with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). This randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial was performed in sixty women with GDM. Participants were randomly divided into two groups to intake either 2 × 1000 mg/d n -3 fatty acids from flaxseed oil containing 400 mg α -linolenic acid in each capsule ( n 30) or placebo ( n 30) for 6 weeks. n -3 Fatty acid intake up-regulated PPAR- γ ( P < 0·001) and LDL receptor ( P = 0·004) and down-regulated gene expression of IL-1 ( P = 0·002) and TNF- α ( P = 0·001) in peripheral blood mononuclear cells of subjects with GDM. In addition, n -3 fatty acid supplementation reduced fasting plasma glucose ( P = 0·001), insulin levels ( P = 0·001) and insulin resistance ( P < 0·001) and increased insulin sensitivity ( P = 0·005) when compared with the placebo. Additionally, n -3 fatty acid supplementation was associated with a decrease in TAG ( P < 0·001), VLDL-cholesterol ( P < 0·001), total cholesterol ( P = 0·01) and total cholesterol:HDL-cholesterol ratio ( P = 0·01) when compared with placebo. n -3 Fatty acid administration was also associated with a significant reduction in high-sensitivity C-reactive protein ( P = 0·006) and malondialdehyde ( P < 0·001), and an increase in total nitrite ( P < 0·001) and total glutathione levels ( P = 0·006) when compared with the placebo. n -3 Fatty acid supplementation for 6 weeks to women with GDM had beneficial effects on gene expression related to insulin, lipid and inflammation, glycaemic control, lipids, inflammatory markers and oxidative stress.

• Publisher: Cambridge University Press
• Subject: Adult / alpha-linolenic acid / Antioxidants / Biomarkers - blood / blood glucose / Blood Glucose - drug effects / C-reactive protein / Cholesterol / Clinical trials / Cytokines / Dehydrogenases / Deoxyribonucleic acid / Diabetes / Diabetes mellitus / Diabetes, Gestational - drug therapy / Diabetes, Gestational - metabolism / DNA / Double-Blind Method / Double-blind studies / fasting / Fatty acids / Fatty Acids, Omega-3 - chemistry / Fatty Acids, Omega-3 - pharmacology / Female / Flaxseed oil / Gene expression / gene expression regulation / Gestational diabetes / Glutathione / glycemic control / High density lipoprotein / Humans / Inflammation / Inflammation - blood / Insulin / Insulin resistance / Interleukin 1 / Intervention / Leukocytes (mononuclear) / Linolenic acid / linseed oil / Linseed Oil - pharmacology / Lipids / Lipids - blood / Lipoproteins (very low density) / Low density lipoprotein / low density lipoprotein receptors / Malondialdehyde / Metabolism / mononuclear leukocytes / nitrites / Oils & fats / Oilseeds / omega-3 fatty acids / Oxidative stress / Oxidative Stress - drug effects / patients / Peripheral blood mononuclear cells / peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma / Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors / placebos / Preeclampsia / Pregnancy / Proteins / Randomization / Sensitivity / Sterols / Supplements / tumor necrosis factor-alpha / Tumor necrosis factor-α / Vascular endothelial growth factor / very low density lipoprotein / women / Womens health / Young Adult