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Journal Article
Myasthenia gravis
2019
Overview
Myasthenia gravis (MG) is an autoimmune disease caused by antibodies against the acetylcholine receptor (AChR), muscle-specific kinase (MuSK) or other AChR-related proteins in the postsynaptic muscle membrane. Localized or general muscle weakness is the predominant symptom and is induced by the antibodies. Patients are grouped according to the presence of antibodies, symptoms, age at onset and thymus pathology. Diagnosis is straightforward in most patients with typical symptoms and a positive antibody test, although a detailed clinical and neurophysiological examination is important in antibody-negative patients. MG therapy should be ambitious and aim for clinical remission or only mild symptoms with near-normal function and quality of life. Treatment should be based on MG subgroup and includes symptomatic treatment using acetylcholinesterase inhibitors, thymectomy and immunotherapy. Intravenous immunoglobulin and plasma exchange are fast-acting treatments used for disease exacerbations, and intensive care is necessary during exacerbations with respiratory failure. Comorbidity is frequent, particularly in elderly patients. Active physical training should be encouraged.
Myasthenia gravis is an autoimmune disorder that is caused by autoantibodies against components of the neuromuscular junction. This Primer summarizes the epidemiology, mechanisms, diagnosis and treatment of myasthenia gravis and discusses the quality-of-life issues faced by patients.
Publisher
Nature Publishing Group UK,Nature Publishing Group
Subject
/ Acetylcholinesterase - genetics
/ Acetylcholinesterase - physiology
/ Adrenal Cortex Hormones - therapeutic use
/ Age
/ Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal - therapeutic use
/ Humans
/ Kv1.4 Potassium Channel - genetics
/ Kv1.4 Potassium Channel - physiology
/ LDL-Receptor Related Proteins - genetics
/ LDL-Receptor Related Proteins - physiology
/ Medicine
/ Muscle Proteins - physiology
/ Myasthenia Gravis - diagnosis
/ Myasthenia Gravis - physiopathology
/ Primer
/ Receptor Protein-Tyrosine Kinases - genetics
/ Receptor Protein-Tyrosine Kinases - physiology
/ Receptors, Cholinergic - genetics
/ Receptors, Cholinergic - physiology
/ Receptors, Nicotinic - genetics
